Digital transformation of cultural institutions: a statistical analysis of Italian and Campania GLAMs
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Digital transformation of cultural institutions: a statistical analysis of Italian and Campania GLAMs Massimo Guarino1 · Maria Anna Di Palma1 · Tullio Menini1 · Michele Gallo1
© Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract Digitalization is playing a prominent role in cultural economics reshaping GLAM organizations toward a more relevant income generation. However achieving a higher level of digitalization requires careful management and resource planning. To this end, the concept of digital maturity provides a useful description of an organization current level of digitalization, allowing for a more effective digital transformation process. The literature concerning business studies and information technology developed highly detailed surveys to assess digital maturity levels within organizations, the so-called digital maturity models. Nevertheless, while many of them are manufacturing-based, very few are wide-spectrum models allowing for a generic assessment of digital maturity. This paper provides a preliminary descriptive analysis on the aptitude of Italian and Campania GLAMs for deploying digital facilities and services, thus suggesting the need to elaborate a specific digital maturity model for GLAM organizations. Keywords Cultural heritage · Digitalization · Digital maturity · Rasch model
1 Introduction Digitalization is providing GLAM1 organizations with new ways of pursuing one of their most important purposes, namely: ‘to make artworks and artifacts available and understandable, and to share and build knowledge with as many people as possible for mutual exchange and enrichment’ (Alfandari 2014). In this respect, while the ongoing digital transformation 1
GLAM is the acronym for Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums.
* Michele Gallo [email protected] Massimo Guarino [email protected] Maria Anna Di Palma [email protected] Tullio Menini [email protected] 1
Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Naples “L’Orientale”, P.zza S.Giovanni 30, 80134 Naples, Italy
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is already supporting cultural heritage preservation for current and future generations (Lynch 2002; Parry 2007), the transfer of digital technologies to cultural organizations (i.e. GLAM digitalization process) provides both a new set of opportunities to online engagement and innovative visitors experiences with arts and culture (Minghetti et al. 2001; Peacock and Brownbill 2007; Soren 2005; Li et al. 2012). The main drivers of GLAMs digitalization process involve both the demand side and the supply side of cultural goods. From the demand side, digital cultural products may be viewed as ‘information goods produced, collected and disseminated by cultural institutions in digital format’ (Bertacchini and Morando 2013). In this viewpoint, digital cultural goods are able to generate strong direct and indirect network externalities (David 1985; Shapiro et al. 1998) given that the user utility derived from consumption increases with the number of agents consuming the good (Katz and Shapiro 1985).
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