Digital Twin
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Digital Twin
Theory and Application
Rainer Stark1,2 and Thomas Damerau2 1 School of Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Department of Machine Tools and Factory Management (IWF), Chair Industrial Information Technology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 Division Virtual Product Creation, FraunhoferInstitute for Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK), Berlin, Germany
The term digital twin (DT) was coined by Vickers and introduced as “Mirrored Spaces Model” concept by Grieves in the first executive Product Lifecycle Management courses at the University of Michigan in 2002 (Grieves 2005, 2014, 2016). The concept of the DT has historically evolved from the aerospace industry and has since then been translated into many areas. This may also be a cause for the fact that there is no uniform accepted scientific definition of the term, yet. Nevertheless, the subject was researched intensively during the last decade. An overview on definitions found in literature is given in Table 1.
Synonyms Virtual twin
Definition A digital twin is a digital representation of an active unique product (real device, object, machine, service, or intangible asset) or unique product-service system (a system consisting of a product and a related service) that comprises its selected characteristics, properties, conditions, and behaviors by means of models, information, and data within a single or even across multiple life cycle phases.
Digital Twin Core Components and Dimensions Digital twins received particular attention in the context of the digitization of all areas of life and the increased use of cyber-physical systems (CPS) and cyber-physical production system (CPPS). All entities in a digitized world can collect, generate, or process data and information in the context of specific operational and use processes. This creates a digital shadow of these entities, that is, a sufficient image to describe the state of the entity abstractly and, over time, a necessary evaluation database to describe its behavior (Schuh et al. 2016). By incorporating the individual digital shadow of a product with generalized product description models that have been created during product
© CIRP 2019 The International Academy for Production Engineering et al. (eds.), CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35950-7_16870-1
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Digital Twin
Digital Twin, Table 1 Definitions of digital twin in literature (extend version based on Negri et al. 2017, p. 941) No. 1
Author Shafto et al.
Year 2010, 2012
2
Tuegel
2012
3
Gockel et al.
2012
4
J. Lee et al.
2013
5
Reifsnider, Majumdar Majumdar et al. Rosen et al.
2013
6 7 8 9 10
Ríos et al. Bielefeldt et al. Bazilevs et al.
2013 2015 2015 2015 2015
11
Schluse, Rossmann
2016
12
Canedo
2016
13
Gabor et al.
2016
14
2016
15
Schroeder et al. Kraft
2016
16
Bajaj et al.
2016
17
Abramovici et al.
2017
18
Stark et al.
2017
Definition of digital twin An integrated multi-physics, multi-scale, probabilistic simulation of a vehi
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