Digitizing rhinoplasty: a web application with three-dimensional preoperative evaluation to assist rhinoplasty surgeons
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Digitizing rhinoplasty: a web application with three-dimensional preoperative evaluation to assist rhinoplasty surgeons with surgical planning Oguzhan Topsakal1 · Mustafa ˙Ilhan Akba¸s2 · Doga Demirel1 · Rafael Nunez1 · Bria Synae Smith1 · Michael Francis Perez1 · Mehmet Mazhar Celikoyar3 Received: 16 January 2020 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 © CARS 2020
Abstract Purpose Rhinoplasty is one of the most common and challenging plastic surgery procedures. The results of the operation have a significant impact on the facial appearance. The planning is critical for successful rhinoplasty surgery. In this paper, we present a web application designed for preoperative rhinoplasty surgery planning. Methods The application uses the three-dimensional (3D) model of a patient’s face and facilitates marking of an extensive number of facial features and auto-calculation of facial measurements to develop a numerical plan of the surgery. The web application includes definitions, illustrations, and formulas to describe the features and measurements. In addition to the existing measurements, the user can calculate the distance between any two points, the angle between any three points, and the ratio of any two distances. We conducted a survey among experienced rhinoplasty surgeons to get feedback about the web application and to understand their attitude toward utilizing 3D models for preoperative planning. Results The web application can be accessed and used through any web browser at digitized-rhinoplasty.com. The web application was utilized in our tests and also by the survey participants. The users successfully marked the facial features on the 3D models and reviewed the auto-calculated measurements. The survey results show that the experienced surgeons who tried the web application found it useful for preoperative planning and they also think that utilizing 3D models is beneficial. Conclusions The web application introduced in this paper helps analyzing the patient’s face in details utilizing 3D models and provides numeric outputs to be used in the rhinoplasty operation planning. The experienced rhinoplasty surgeons that participated to our survey agree that the web app would be a beneficial tool for rhinoplasty surgeons. We aim to further improve the web application with more functionality to help surgeons for preoperative planning of rhinoplasty. Keywords Rhinoplasty · Web application · Surgery planning · 3D model · Facial features · Facial Landmarks · Facial measurements · Face analysis · Survey
Introduction
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Oguzhan Topsakal [email protected] Mustafa ˙Ilhan Akba¸s [email protected]
Rhinoplasty is a plastic surgery procedure for correcting and reconstructing the nose. It is one of the most frequently performed aesthetic surgeries with more than 200 K annual cases in the USA [1]. There are two types of rhinoplasty surgeries;
Doga Demirel [email protected] Rafael Nunez [email protected]
Mehmet Mazhar Celikoyar [email protected] 1
Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, F
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