Diplopia following endoscopic brow lift
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CASE REPORT
Diplopia following endoscopic brow lift Jeong Su Shim 1
&
Jae Min Chung 2 & Tae Mo Kim 2
Received: 11 July 2020 / Accepted: 9 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The endoscopic brow lift is the most widely used for the rejuvenation of the upper face nowadays. Even though this procedure has such advantages, there are reports about complications associated with this procedure, including bleeding and hematoma, lagophthalmos, alopecia, and nerve injury. But, there is almost no research reporting on diplopia occurring after an endoscopic brow lift. We would like to report on an analysis about the causes of diplopia with a research literature review since diplopia occurred in 6 cases out of 426 cases of the endoscopic brow lift performed from January 2013 to April 2020. There were characteristic findings of left superior oblique muscle palsy in all 6 patients. The subjective symptoms of double vision were improved in all patients at the follow-up appointment 2 to 4 months after surgery. There is no information on the incidence or mechanisms about diplopia which occurs in endoscopic brow lift. Diplopia should be considered as a possible complication during surgery, and it will be necessary to further discuss the anatomical understanding and cautions in surgical procedures. Level of evidence: Level V, therapeutic study Keywords Endoscopy . Brow . Forehead . Diplopia . Complication
Introduction The endoscopic forehead and brow lift is a less invasive technique compared with a classic operative technique
* Jeong Su Shim [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, 3056-6 Daemyung 4-dong Namgu, Daegu 705-718, South Korea
2
V Aesthetic Plastic Surgical Clinic, Daegu, South Korea
using the coronal incision and most widely used for the rejuvenation of the upper face nowadays as it uses a short incision leaving minimal scars, and the complete dissections can be performed in a relatively safe way by understanding anatomical structures and securing a clear field of view through endoscopy. Even though this procedure has such advantages, there are reports about complications associated with this procedure, including bleeding and hematoma, lagophthalmos, alopecia, and nerve injuryrelated complications such as temporary hypesthesia of forehead, permanent anesthesia of forehead, and brow paresis [1]. There is almost no research reporting on diplopia occurring after a endoscopic forehead and brow lift. We would like to report 6 cases of diplopia following
Eur J Plast Surg Table 1
Summary of the presentation-1
Patient
Age/sex
Operation
Postoperative periocular edema/bruise
Eyebrow elevation degree*
1 2 3 4
42/female 62/female 56/female 29/female
Endoscopic brow lift + double-fold operations Endoscopic brow lift + lower blepharoplasty Endoscopic brow lift + lower blepharoplasty + fat graft on face Endoscopic brow lift + upper blepharoplasty
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