Direct patient care services by community and ambulatory care pharmacists in Idaho
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Direct patient care services by community and ambulatory care pharmacists in Idaho Elaine Nguyen1 · John T. Holmes1 · Radhika Narsinghani1 · Shanna O’Connor1 · Matthew W. Fuit1 · Lynn Thaden1 · Renee Robinson1,2 Received: 18 December 2019 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Background Pharmacists are one of the most accessible but unoptimized healthcare providers in the community. They are medication experts and have authority to independently prescribe in Idaho. Through the provision of direct patient care services (i.e., those distinct from traditional prescription dispensing functions), pharmacists have a greater opportunity to impact chronic disease prevention and management across the state. This can be done by filling gaps in community care (e.g., prescribing recommended therapy) and directly managing and preventing chronic diseases. However, current practices surrounding pharmacist-provided direct patient care services are unknown. Objective To characterize direct patient care services provided by Idaho community and ambulatory care pharmacists as well as to assess individual pharmacists’ and their work sites’ capacity and barriers in providing and expanding services. Setting Community and ambulatory care pharmacists’ work sites in Idaho. Method We administered a cross-sectional, electronic, 20-min survey to Idaho community and ambulatory care pharmacists. Main outcome measure The survey focused on collecting data on current practices, capacity, and barriers related to pharmacist-provided direct patient care services. Results The survey was completed by 280 eligible community and ambulatory care pharmacists with the majority of respondents (n = 250) offering pharmacist-provided direct patient care services. Pharmacists most often prescribed therapy for tobacco cessation (nicotine replacement, bupropion, varenicline), naloxone, and devices for patients with diabetes. Top barriers to individual pharmacists providing services were dispensing load and workload while top barriers to work sites (e.g., environment) were reimbursement/billing, number of available staff, and workflow. Conclusion Idaho community and ambulatory care pharmacists currently offer direct patient care services to patients across the state, but face barriers in providing and increasing services offered. Keywords Community pharmacy services · Insurance, pharmaceutical services · Legislation, pharmacy · Pharmacy · Public health
Impacts on Practice • Our results can be used to expand the delivery of phar-
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01130-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Renee Robinson [email protected] 1
Idaho State University College of Pharmacy, Meridian, ID, USA
University of Alaska Anchorage/Idaho State University, 2533 Providence Drive, PSB 108B, Anchorage, AK, USA
2
macist-provided direct patients care services in Idaho and nationwide, ultimately
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