Disaster management: from a one-sided approach to an inclusive system
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Disaster management: from a one‑sided approach to an inclusive system Kyoo‑Man Ha1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Disaster management principles include incident command system, comprehensive emergency management, integration of operations, and redundancy. The article aims to study how these principles have been used by many nations for the ultimate goal of disaster management. The methodology employed is qualitative content analysis. A one-sided approach to disasters means that application or execution of certain principles is not effectively done, whereas all-inclusive system includes successful application and execution of all principles. The key tenet of the article is that a one-sided approach should be changed into an inclusive paradigm. This means involving all principles and stakeholders and evaluating the factors of risks, politics, resources, and time in disaster management. In this regard, developing nations can learn from their experiences and also from developed nations, and in the process, they can achieve this transformation. Keywords Disaster management principles · Politics · Resources management · The United States · Developing nations
1 Introduction Despite developments in disaster management, its execution has been flawed in a number of occasions. This could also be attributed to the unpredictable nature of disasters. However, with preparation and support from all stakeholders, disasters can be managed with the least adverse impact. We can learn from past disasters such as those listed below: Tsunami in Indian Ocean in 2004 Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar in 2008 Hurricane Katrina in the US in 2008 BP oil spill in the US in 2010 Fukushima earthquake in Japan in 2011 Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines in 2013 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Korea in 2015 • Seventeen fires in California in 2018 • • • • • • •
* Kyoo‑Man Ha [email protected] 1
Department of Public Policy and Management, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak‑ro 63beon‑gil, Geumjeong‑gu, Busan 46241, Korea
From these situations, a number of lapses have been identified. Examples are faulty disaster recognition, foresight failure, groupthink, and limited rationality, among others (Gall et al. 2015; Park 2018; Seppanens and Virrnataus 2015). All these bring us to recognize that changes indeed have to be implemented. The international community is a great resource for data and advanced practices in the field. These should be tapped and maximized to establish effective disaster management (Sword-Daniels et al. 2015). Disaster management lasts before, during, and after the occurrence of events. Yet, disaster management has been mostly response-centric, though it has had no choice but to include all periods of time in the cases. Disaster management involves interaction among diverse stakeholders; identification of the nature, scale, and place of disaster; and formulation and application of policies, and other actions from relevant disciplines. However, many existing disaster
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