Disclosure of exact protocols of fermentation, identity of microorganisms within consortia, formation of advanced consor
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EDITORIAL
Disclosure of exact protocols of fermentation, identity of microorganisms within consortia, formation of advanced consortia with microbe-based products Yoav Bashan 1,2,3 & S.R. Prabhu 4 & Luz E. de-Bashan 1,2,3 & Joseph W. Kloepper 3
# Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
In the last 40 years, the concept of microorganisms that can enhance plant productivity matured into a research field, stretching from in vitro experiments, greenhouse and field trials done for research purposes, to commercial products applied worldwide. Currently numerous companies, big and small, are producing and marketing a large variety of seed inoculants and other microbial products for agricultural and horticultural uses (Bashan et al. 2014; Calvo et al. 2014). The market value of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria/ bacteria (PGPR/PGPB), biological control agents, and a variety of biostimulants was valued at USD 6.00 Billion in 2016 and is projected to reach 14.65 Billion by 2023, growing at a compound annual growth rate of 13.80% from 2017 (https:// www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/top-10-trendagricultural-biological-market-139215554.html). The scientific community engaging in research with these microorganisms is interested mainly in new developments, new products and new scientific concepts. As such, precise validation or simple confirmation of previous results or repetition of already published studies has very low priority. Because every scientific journal is interested in innovation, these results are seldom, or never, published. The direct user * Luz E. de-Bashan [email protected] * Joseph W. Kloepper [email protected] 1
The Bashan Institute of Science, 1730 Post Oak Ct, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
2
Environmental Microbiology Group, Northwestern Center for Biological Research (CIBNOR), Av. IPN 195, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico
3
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
4
TerraBioGen Technologies, 8536 Baxter Place, Burnaby, B.C V5A 4T8, Canada
of such published information is the inoculant industry. Naturally because of intellectual property, issued information of failed experiments is mostly unavailable. Yet, quite a few studies repeated on commercial inoculants from various industries did not provide the benefits expected from these products (Denton et al. 2002; De Bruin et al. 2010; Karamanos et al. 2010). Such failures are better known in the biomedical industry (Petsko 2010). We identified four potential pitfalls responsible for such failures in the PGPR/PGPB research field; (i) improper description of fermentation processes by the original publication; (ii) improper description of consortia when used, (iii) improper description how consortia are made of, (iv) most times, the publications also don’t clearly disclose formulation techniques, exact dosage of microbial products used per unit area, soil physico-chemicals conditions etc., which could seriously impact the performance of microbial products, and (v) ver
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