Discrimination of Kernel Quality Characteristics for Sunflower Seeds Based on Multispectral Imaging Approach
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Discrimination of Kernel Quality Characteristics for Sunflower Seeds Based on Multispectral Imaging Approach Fei Ma & Ju Wang & Changhong Liu & Xuzhong Lu & Wei Chen & Conggui Chen & Jianbo Yang & Lei Zheng
Received: 21 July 2014 / Accepted: 31 October 2014 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014
Abstract Multispectral imaging in the visible and nearinfrared (405–970 nm) regions was tested for nondestructive discrimination of insect-infested, moldy, heterochromatic, and rancidity in sunflower seeds. An excellent classification (accuracy >97 %) for intact sunflower seeds could be achieved using Fisher’s linear discriminant function based on 10 feature wavelengths that were selected from the original 19 wavelengths by Wilks’ lambda stepwise method. Intact sunflower seeds with different degree of rancidity could be precisely clustered by multispectral imaging technology combined with principal component analysis-cluster analysis (PCA-CA). Our results demonstrate the capability of multispectral imaging technology as a tool for rapid and nondestructive analysis of seed quality attributes, which enables many applications in the agriculture and food industry.
Keywords Multispectral imaging . Sunflower seeds . Quality characteristics
F. Ma : J. Wang : C. Liu : W. Chen : C. Chen (*) : L. Zheng School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] X. Lu : J. Yang (*) Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China e-mail: [email protected] L. Zheng (*) School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops grown in many countries, such as Argentina, China, America, Russia, France, and Spain (Giner and Gely 2005; Anjum et al. 2012). Sunflower seeds provide an excellent source of healthy unsaturated fat (PérezVich et al. 1998), protein (Venktesh and Prakash 1993), fiber (Srilatha and Krishnakumari 2003), and many other important nutrients like vitamins, mineral elements, and phytochemicals (Kamal-Eldin and Appelqvist 1996; Anjum et al. 2012). These nutrients from sunflower seeds can help reduce the risk of many diseases, such as cancer (WCRF 1999), cardiovascular diseases (Burton 1994), and chronic diseases (Adom and Liu 2002; Liu 2007). Sunflower seeds were usually processed by pressing into oil (Anjum et al. 2012) or pounded into a flour and used for making cakes, mush, and bread (Bensmira et al. 2007; Škrbić and Filipčev 2008) in many countries. Also, cooked sunflower seeds, as a popular and traditional leisure food, are consumed by a huge population of China and many other countries. Insect-infested, moldy, heterochromatic, and rancidity are the key quality indexes for the safety evaluation of sunflower seeds. Inferior sunflower seeds, such as insect-infested, moldy, and rancid seeds, usually contain poisonous and harmfu
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