Disposable Smart Plastic Biochips For Clinical Diagnostics
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Disposable Smart Plastic Biochips For Clinical Diagnostics Chong H. Ahn, Jin-Woo Choi, Sanghyo Kim, Young-Soo Sohn, Aniruddha Puntambekar, Suresh Murugesan*, Gregory Beaucage*, and Joseph H. Nevin Microsystems and BioMEMS Lab University of Cincinnati Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Computer Science * Department of Material Science Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0030
ABSTRACT This paper presents an overview of the development of novel disposable smart plastic fluidic biochips for clinical diagnostic applications. The biochip is manufactured using a lowcost, rapid turn around injection molding/embossing process on a plastic substrate. The plastic fluidic biochip uses a novel sPROMs (structurally programmable microfluidic system) approach to achieve passive control of fluidic sequencing [1-2]. The plastic biochip also uses an on-chip pressurized air source for fluidic movement thus eliminating the need for active driving mechanisms and allowing for a truly disposable approach. Furthermore, electrochemical biosensors are also integrated on-chip to analyze various metabolically significant parameters such as PO2 (partial pressure of oxygen), Glucose, Lactate, and pH. The fluidic biochip is being developed for point-of-care health monitoring applications where parameters such as small size, simplicity of operation, disposability, reduced cross-contamination are vital. The issues mentioned above are successfully addressed using the approach of this work and are discussed in this paper. INTRODUCTION Diseases, including toxicity, can be diagnosed by performing various biochemical analyses and by observation of symptoms. The early, rapid, and sensitive detection of the disease state is a vital goal for the clinical diagnoses. The biochemical changes in the patient’s blood can signal organ damage or dysfunction prior to observable microscopic cellular damages or other symptoms. So, there has been a large demand for the development of an easy-to-handle and inexpensive clinical diagnostic biochip using fully integrated plastic microfluidic chips, which has the sampling/identifying capability of fast and reliable measurements of metabolic parameters from a human body with minimum invasion. In this paper, the development of disposable smart plastic fluidic biochips for clinical diagnostics is reviewed. The plastic fluidic chip includes fully integrated microchannels, passive valves, passive multiplexers, mixers, dispensers, pressurized air bladders, and air/buffer reservoirs. Among several substrates available for the bio-fluidic chips, plastics have recently become one of the most popular and promising substrates due to their low cost, ease- of fabrication and favorable biochemical reliability and compatibility. Plastic substrates, such as polyimide, PMMA, PDMS, polyethylene or polycarbonate, offer a wide range of physical and chemical material parameters for the applications of bio-fluidic chips generally at low cost using
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