Distribution and association of agro-ecological factors influencing garlic rust ( Puccinia allii ) epidemics in Eastern
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Distribution and association of agro‑ecological factors influencing garlic rust (Puccinia allii) epidemics in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia Zemenu Endalew1 · Habtamu Terefe2 · Mashilla Dejene2 · Alok Kumar3 Received: 16 August 2020 / Revised: 3 November 2020 / Accepted: 9 November 2020 © Indian Phytopathological Society 2020
Abstract Garlic rust is the most destructive and production limiting disease in all garlic growing areas of Ethiopia. Thus, a field survey was conducted to assess the distribution, importance and association of agro-ecological factors with garlic rust epidemics in eastern Amhara, Ethiopia, during the 2018/19 cropping season. A survey of garlic rust was held in four major garlic producing districts in the main rainy and irrigation seasons. A total of 137 farms (78 farms in irrigation and 59 farms in main rainy season) were assessed in the study. The results confirmed 100% prevalence of garlic rust though incidence and severity varied among districts. High disease incidence varied from 87.50% at Lasta to 96.60% at Gidan district. Conversely, garlic planting at Meket reduced disease severity by 79.84, 77.85 and 73.98% compared with Gidan, Lalibella Zuria and Lasta district, respectively. The associations between disease parameters and agro-ecological factors were assessed using a logistic regression model. High disease incidence (> 80%) and severity (> 40%) had a high probability of association with districts Gidan, Lalibella Zuria and Lasta, irrigation season, maturity growth stage, medium altitude range, poor management practices, sole cropping and in some preceding crops in the reduced regression model. Moreover, high (> 80%) disease pressure was strongly associated with dense plant and weed populations in the model. Thus, the field survey has confirmed that garlic rust was highly distributed and was a major constraint in the study areas. This could imply the need for developing effective and feasible disease management options in the study areas and related agro-ecological environments. Keywords Association · Agro-ecological factors · Garlic · Incidence · Regression analysis · Severity
Introduction Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is the second most important Allium species, next to onion, worldwide. It grows in all temperate to subtropical and mountainous tropical areas as an important spice and medicinal plant (Rabinowitch 2002). The crop has a wide area of adaptation and cultivation throughout the world. According to FAOSTAT (2016), annual production and area coverage of garlic is 26,573,001 tons and 1,468,811 ha, respectively, in the world. The world * Habtamu Terefe [email protected] 1
Sekota Dryland Agricultural Research Center, ARARI, P.O. Box 62, Sekota, Ethiopia
2
Plant Protection Program, School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
3
Plant Breeding and Genetics Program, School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
leading garlic-producing country is China (21,263,237 tons), followed b
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