Diverse and bioactive endophytic Aspergilli inhabit Cupressaceae plant family
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Original Paper
Diverse and bioactive endophytic Aspergilli inhabit Cupressaceae plant family Jalal Soltani · Mahdieh S. Hosseyni Moghaddam
Received: 10 September 2013 / Revised: 14 May 2014 / Accepted: 16 May 2014 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
Abstract Aspergilli are filamentous, cosmopolitan and ubiquitous fungi which have significant impact on human, animal and plant welfare worldwide. Due to their extraordinary metabolic diversity, Aspergillus species are used in biotechnology for the production of a vast array of biomolecules. However, little is known about Aspergillus species that are able to adapt an endophytic lifestyle in Cupressaceae plant family and are capable of producing cytotoxic, antifungal and antibacterial metabolites. In this work, we report a possible ecological niche for pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus. Indeed, our findings indicate that A. fumigatus, A. flavus, Aspergillus niger var. niger and A. niger var. awamori adapt an endophytic lifestyle inside the Cupressaceous plants including Cupressus arizonica, Cupressus sempervirens var. fastigiata, Cupressus sempervirens var. cereiformis, and Thuja orientalis. In addition, we found that extracts of endophytic Aspergilli showed significant growth inhibition and cytotoxicity against the model fungus Pyricularia oryzae and bacteria such as Bacillus sp.,
Communicated by Olaf Kniemeyer. Jalal Soltani and Mahdieh S. Hosseyni Moghaddam have contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00203-014-0997-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. J. Soltani (*) · M. S. H. Moghaddam Phytopathology Department, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran e-mail: [email protected] J. Soltani Bu-Ali BioNanoTechnology Co. (BABiNT), Hamedan, Iran
Erwinia amylovora and Pseudomonas syringae. These endophytic Aspergilli also showed in vitro antifungal effects on the cypress fungal phytopathogens including Diplodia seriata, Phaeobotryon cupressi and Spencermartinsia viticola. In conclusion, our findings clearly support the endophytic association of Aspergilli with Cupressaceae plants and their possible role in protection of host plants against biotic stresses. Observed bioactivities of such endophytic Aspergilli may represent a significant potential for bioindustry and biocontrol applications. Keywords Aspergillus · Endophyte · Cupressaceae · Cupressus sempervirens · Antifungal · Antibacterial · Cytotoxic
Introduction Aspergilli are filamentous, cosmopolitan and ubiquitous fungi which represent some of the most common fungi in the environment. They are commonly isolated from soil, plant debris and indoor air environments. The genus Aspergillus includes over 250 species comprising diverse groups which have significant impact on human, animal and plant welfare worldwide (Geiser et al. 2007). There are several important species under this genus including industrial species such as Aspergillus oryzae, and Aspergillu
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