Diverse mobilome of Dichotomius ( Luederwaldtinia ) schiffleri (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) reveals long-range horizontal
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Diverse mobilome of Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) schiffleri (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) reveals long‑range horizontal transfer events of DNA transposons I. C. Amorim1 · E. S. Melo2 · R. C. Moura1 · G. L. Wallau2 Received: 12 December 2019 / Accepted: 17 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA sequences that are able to move from one genomic location to another. These selfish elements are known as genomic parasites, since they hijack the host molecular machinery to generate new copies of themselves. The mobilization of TEs can be seen as a natural mutagen because new TE copies can insert into different loci and impact host genomic structure through different mechanisms. Although our knowledge about TEs is improving with new genomes available, there is still very limited data about the mobilome of species from the Coleoptera order, the most diverse order of insects, including species from the Scarabaeidae family. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to characterize the mobilome of D. (Luederwaldtinia) schiffleri, based on low-coverage genome sequencing, and reconstruct their evolutionary history. We used a combination of four different approaches for TE characterization and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis to study their evolution. We found a large and diverse mobilome composed of 38 TE superfamilies, 20 DNA transposon and 18 retrotransposons, accounting for 21% of the genome. Moreover, we found a number of incongruences between the TE and host phylogenetic trees in three DNA transposon TE superfamilies, which represents five TE families, suggesting possible horizontal transfer events between highly divergent taxa. In summary, we found an abundant and diverse mobilome and a number of horizontal transfer events that have shaped the evolutionary history of this species. Keywords DNA transposons · Retrotransposons · Mobilome · Dung beetle · Horizontal transmission
Introduction
Communicated by S. Hohmann. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-020-01703-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * R. C. Moura [email protected] * G. L. Wallau [email protected] 1
Laboratório de Biodiversidade E Genética de Insetos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Rua Arnóbio Marques, 310‑ Santo Amaro, Recife, PE CEP: 50100‑130, Brasil
Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, FIOCRUZ, Recife, PE, Brasil
2
Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile repetitive DNA segments that are capable of transposing between different regions of the host genome (Hartl et al. 1992). These elements are widely known as genomic parasites since they use the host molecular machinery to promote their own replication (Nee and Smith 1990; Hua-Van et al. 2011). Because of their mobility, these elements are associated with different effects in the host genome, such as direct genetic mutations
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