Diverse Patterns of Autonomic Nervous System Response to Sensory Stimuli Among Children with Autism
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SENSORY MODULATION (C LAI, SECTION EDITOR)
Diverse Patterns of Autonomic Nervous System Response to Sensory Stimuli Among Children with Autism Ivan Neil Gomez 1,2
&
Jazzmine Gale Flores 3
Accepted: 9 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Children with autism have been found to exhibit sensory modulation difficulties related to atypical autonomic nervous system responses to sensory stimuli. Most studies mainly differentiate their autonomic response to sensory stimuli from their typically developing peers. The patterns of autonomic response may provide a compelling explanation of the regulatory capabilities among these populations. The purpose of this review is to characterize the patterns of autonomic nervous response to sensory stimulation among children with autism. Recent Findings There is emerging evidence from the recent literature suggesting a diverse pattern of parasympathetic, sympathetic, and combined parasympathetic-sympathetic responses to sensory stimuli among children with autism, and even among their typically developing peers. Characterizing these patterns in light of the modes of autonomic control paints an interesting picture of the regulation abilities among these children. Summary There is a need to place focus on further understanding the diverse characteristics of autonomic nervous system response to sensory stimuli among children with autism. We recommend the use of combined parasympathetic-sympathetic measures interpreted in light of the modes of autonomic control and improved methodologies. Keywords Autism . Autonomic nervous system . Parasympathetic . Sympathetic . Modes of autonomic control
Introduction Autism is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder that belongs to a spectrum of similar disorders, typically characterized by difficulties in social communications and restricted or repetitive atypical behaviors, among others [1]. It has been previously recorded that the worldwide estimates of the prevalence of autism have increased between 50 and 2000% [2]. The latest statistics suggest that 62 in 1000 children have been estimated to have been This article is part of the Topical Collection on Sensory Modulation * Ivan Neil Gomez [email protected] 1
Center for Health Research and Movement Science, University of Santo Tomas, Sampaloc, 1015 Manila, Philippines
2
Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Sampaloc, 1015 Manila, Philippines
3
The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Sampaloc, 1015 Manila, Philippines
diagnosed within the autism spectrum disorders [3]. The rise in the number of children being diagnosed may be attributed to the widespread advocacy of early screening and diagnosis. However, the exact etiology behind autism remains elusive. Nevertheless, early detection of its symptoms allows for immediate allocation of necessary intervention or services that may affect the children and their families to have better outcomes [4]. There is a myriad of symptoms associa
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