DNA as an Engineering Material: From Assembly to Computation on Silicon
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DNA as an Engineering Material: From Assembly to Computation on Silicon Hayri E. Akin1, Jiebin Zhong2, Miroslav Penchev1, Cengiz S. Ozkan2 and Mihrimah Ozkan1 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA ABSTRACT DNA possesses inherent recognition and self-assembly capabilities, making it attractive templates for constructing functional material structures as building blocks for nanoelectronics. Here we report the use of DNA towards the assembly and electronic functionality of nanoarchitectures based on conjugates of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanowires (NWs) and DNA computing on Si-CMOS platform. First, assembly of CNTs with DNA is demonstrated and electrical measurements of these nanoarchitectures demonstrate negative differential resistance in the presence of CNT/DNA interfaces, which indicates a biomimetic route to fabricating resonant tunneling diodes. End-to-end assembly of NWs is realized with designed DNA sequences and process is carried on silicon CMOS based microarray platform. Second, this microarray platform is adopted to perform DNA computing. To begin with, the information present in an image is encoded through the concentrations of various DNA strands via selective hybridization and decoded on microarray to recreate the original image. Lately, various satisfiability (SAT) problems, which has long served as a benchmark problem in DNA computing, are solved on this platform via DNA. The goal in a SAT Problem is to determine appropriate assignments of a set of Boolean variables with values of either “true” or “false” such that the output of the whole Boolean formula is true. Other than making 1st time silicon compatible DNA computing, our studies make us understand bio molecules, especially DNA has various advantages for future hybrid technologies. INTRODUCTION The semiconductor industry is developing lithographic technology for feature sizes below 22 nm and exploring new classes of transistors that use CNTs or silicon NWs1,9. A major goal of nanotechnology is therefore to couple the self-assembly of molecular nanostructures with conventional microfabrication, which will enable us to register individual molecular nanostructures and integrate them into functional devices. One strategy is using the inherent recognition and self-assembly capabilities of DNA1. Here we report the use of DNA towards the assembly and electronic functionality of nanoarchitectures based on conjugates of CNTs and NWs as well as DNA computing on Si-CMOS platform. First, assembly of CNTs with DNA is demonstrated and I-V characteristics of these nanostructures are investigated. Next, end-to-end assembly of NWs is accomplished via designed DNA sequences. Second, this microarray platform is adopted to perform DNA computing. The information present in an image is encoded through the concentrations of DNA strands and decoded on microarray platform recreating the original image. Finally various SAT Problems are solved demonstrating the feasibility
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