Do day and night warming exert different effects on growth and competitive interaction between invasive and native plant
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Do day and night warming exert different effects on growth and competitive interaction between invasive and native plants? Jin-Quan Su . Xue Han . Bao-Ming Chen
Received: 9 August 2019 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Many studies have documented the effects of global warming on invasive plants, but little is known about the effects on plant invasion between day and night warming. We tested the impact of day and night warming on seedling growth and the competitive interaction between invasive and native species. Three invasive and three native species in the Asteraceae family were selected. Three warming patterns (day-, night-, and whole-day warming of 3 °C relative to the control) and the control were set in growth chambers. The results showed that night warming increased the root biomass and total biomass of native plants, while it had little effect on invasive plants, and night warming increased the root to shoot ratio of natives to a greater extent than invaders. Day warming
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02362-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. J.-Q. Su X. Han B.-M. Chen (&) School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] J.-Q. Su e-mail: [email protected] X. Han e-mail: [email protected]
increased the maximum net photosynthetic rate of native plants but decreased that of invasive plants, and during the night it increased plant height and respiratory rate of invasive plants to a greater extent than natives. With competition between invasive and native plants, night warming increased competitive suppression of the root growth of native species, but had little effect on the relative interaction intensity of invasive species in terms of root biomass. With the increase in night warming, invasion of the alien species in southern China may be facilitated in the future. Conclusions regarding the effects of future warming should be made cautiously because differences in day and night warming may have different implications for invasion. Keywords Alien Asymmetric warming Competition Diurnal warming Exotic Nocturnal warming
Introduction Global warming and biological invasion are two of the most pervasive components of global changes and both threaten the maintenance of biodiversity (Hughes 2000; Bradley et al. 2010a, b; Seebens et al. 2017). Furthermore, the interactive effects of climate change and invasive alien species (IAS) pose serious threats to
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biodiversity, ecosystems and human well-being worldwide (Verlinden and Nijs 2010; Smith et al. 2012; Blumenthal et al. 2016). Nonnative invasive species and coexisting native species differ in many traits (Ordonez et al. 2010; Van Kleunen et al
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