Do economic development and population agglomeration inevitably aggravate haze pollution in China? New evidence from spa
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Do economic development and population agglomeration inevitably aggravate haze pollution in China? New evidence from spatial econometric analysis Ting Gan 1 & Huachao Yang 1 & Wei Liang 1,2 & Xianchun Liao 2,3 Received: 22 May 2020 / Accepted: 13 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract With sustained economic development, China’s ecological environment is becoming increasingly fragile and the problem of haze pollution is becoming increasingly prominent, which has affected the normal life of human beings and the stable development of society. In this paper, 287 cities’ panel data from 1998 to 2016 are used, PM2.5 is used to represent haze pollution, and the spatial Durbin model is used to explore the role of the economy and population agglomeration on smog pollution. The empirical results show that (1) haze pollution has obvious spatial spillover. From the perspective of China as a whole, the relationship between the economy and smog pollution is an inverted U shape. (2) China is divided into three economic regions, i.e., the east, the middle, and the west. In the east and middle regions, it is found that economic development also shows an inverted U-shaped relationship with haze pollution. (3) Regardless of the country or the three major economic regions, population agglomeration is the primary factor that aggravates haze pollution; the progress of technology and the optimization of the industrial structure can improve haze pollution. (4) Through further analysis of the indirect effects of haze in China, it is found that there is a significant spatial spillover effect. According to the results of this research, policy suggestions are put forward. Keywords Spatial Durbin model . PM2.5 . Economic development . Haze pollution . Spatial correlation
Introduction Since 2013, the problem of smog pollution, the major particular component of which is PM2.5, has become increasingly serious, which seriously affects public health and daily life. According to the data from a bulletin reporting on the state of China’s ecological environment published by the government in 2017, the air conditions of 338 cities above the prefecture level have been tested in China, of which 239 cities have exceeded the standard, and polluted weather accounts for 70.7% of the total weather. Polluted days with PM2.5 as the Responsible Editor: Eyup Dogan * Wei Liang [email protected] 1
Business School, University of Jinan, Jinan 250002, China
2
Shandong Longshan Green Economic Research Center, Jinan 250022, China
3
Institute of Green Development, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
main particular component account for 74.2% of polluted days, and weather with PM10 as the main particular component accounts for 20.4% of weather. According to a report on the cost of pollution released by the World Bank in 2016, air pollution has become a risk factor for premature death. Haze has threatened public health and normal life and caused huge losses to the economy, which have aroused w
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