Do Equids Live longer than Grazing Bovids?
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Do Equids Live longer than Grazing Bovids? Morgane Tidière 1 & Patrick Duncan 2 & Jean-François Lemaître 1 & Jean-Michel Gaillard 1 & Laurie Bingaman Lackey 3 & Dennis W. H. Müller 4 & Marcus Clauss 5
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract A large part of the diversity of longevity and actuarial senescence (i.e., the progressive decline of survival probabilities with age) across vertebrates can be related to body size, phylogeny, and the species’ position on the slow-fast continuum of life histories. However, differences in mortality patterns between ecologically similar species, such as bovids and equids, remain poorly understood. Equids are commonly understood to outlive bovid species relative to their body mass, despite very similar feeding niches. Comparing survival patterns of 13 bovid and ten equid subspecies, our findings confirm that equids outlive bovid species, with a higher adult survival rate and a delayed onset of senescence for equids, but no difference of rate of actuarial senescence. These differences are associated with a slower generation time and longer inter-birth interval, due to a longer gestation period, for equids compared to bovids. Finally, our results suggest that all biological times (i.e., all life history traits expressed in time units) have evolved synchronously in bovids, whereas in equids gestation time and inter-birth interval either were never in synchrony with, or have slowed down relative to other biological times. Our findings suggest the existence of different selection pressures, or different constraints, on specific time-related traits between these two mammalian families. Keywords Actuarial senescence . Biological times . Demography . Pace of life . Slow-fast continuum
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-019-09483-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Morgane Tidière [email protected] 1
Univeristé de Lyon; CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622 Lyon, France
2
Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Station d’Ecologie de Chizé-La Rochelle, UMR 7173 CNRS, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
3
World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA), Carrer de Roger de Llúria, 2, 2-2, Barcelona, Spain
4
Zoological Garden Halle (Saale), Fasanenstr. 5a, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
5
Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
Actuarial senescence, defined as the progressive decrease of survival with increasing age, is a ubiquitous process across the tree of life (Nussey et al. 2013; Jones et al. 2014). Striking differences in actuarial senescence and lifespan have been found in related species, such as the naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber) that lives nine times longer than similar-sized rodents (Buffenstein 2008; Ruby et al. 2018). Such differences across phylogenetically related sp
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