Do I dislike what you dislike? Investigating the effect of disgust on time processing
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Do I dislike what you dislike? Investigating the effect of disgust on time processing Giovanna Mioni1 · Simon Grondin2 · Franca Stablum1 Received: 3 April 2020 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Time perception can be distorted by emotional stimuli. The present study aims to investigate the effect of disgust on time perception in young adults. Here, we report two experiments in which a time bisection task was used with intervals lasting 400 ms (short standard) to 1600 ms (long standard). In Experiment 1, temporal intervals were marked by neutral images or images from food (rotten, joyful), and facial (disgust, happy) categories. In Experiment 2, disgust-eliciting and neutral stimuli belonging to seven different domains were used: faces, food, animals, body products, injury/infections, death and hygiene. Results showed temporal overestimations when, compared to neutral conditions, disgusted faces (Experiments 1 and 2) and disgusting death and hygiene stimuli (Experiment 2) were used, and a temporal underestimation when images of rotten food (Experiment 1) were used. Results are discussed in terms of arousal-based and attention-based processes and showed that the degree of the emotional component influences time perception.
Introduction Even if people can accurately estimate time, their perception is sometimes prone to distortions (e.g., time flies when having fun; time never seems to pass when waiting for the bus). The internal-clock model (Gibbon, Church, & Meck, 1984; Treisman, 1963; Zakay & Block, 1995) posits that subjective time comes from the number of pulses emitted by a pacemaker and stored in an accumulator during a timed event. Studies conducted so far have demonstrated that being exposed to emotional stimuli can lead either to time overestimation or time underestimation, depending on the stimulus employed. Indeed, the effect of such stimuli specifically depends on whether an arousal component or an attentional component is prevailing (Burle & Casini, 2001; Lake, LaBar, & Meck, 2016). Empirical findings have shown that an increase in the level of arousal increases the speed of the pacemaker. For a given amount of time, if the pacemaker runs faster, more pulses are collected in the accumulator and stimulus duration
* Giovanna Mioni [email protected] 1
Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
2
is judged to be longer. Previous studies have shown that emotional pictures generating high arousal lead to greater overestimation of time than emotional stimuli generating less arousal (Angrilli, Cherubini, Pavese, & Manfredini, 1997; Droit-Volet, Brunot, & Niedenthal, 2004; Droit-Volet & Gil, 2009; Gil & Droit-Volet, 2011a; Grondin et al., 2015; Lee, Seelam, & O’Brien, 2011; Noulhiane et al, 2007; Tipples, 2008). For example, compared to neutral stimuli, facial expressions of anger, fear, and happiness le
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