Does the L5 spinal nerve move? Anatomical evaluation with implications for postoperative L5 nerve palsy
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Does the L5 spinal nerve move? Anatomical evaluation with implications for postoperative L5 nerve palsy Basem Ishak1 · Shogo Kikuta2 · Tyler Scullen3 · Joe Iwanaga2,4,5,10 · Daniel J. Denis6 · Christopher M. Maulucci3 · Aaron S. Dumont4 · R. Shane Tubbs4,7,8,9,10 Received: 28 January 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose While palsy of the L5 nerve root due to stretch injury is a known complication in complex lumbosacral spine surgery, the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. The goal of this cadaveric study was to quantify movement of the L5 nerve root during flexion/extension of the hip and lower lumbar spine. Methods Five fresh-frozen human cadavers were dissected on both sides to expose the lumbar vertebral bodies and the L5 nerve roots. Movement of the L5 nerve root was tested during flexion and extension of the hip and lower lumbar spine. Four steps were undertaken to characterize these movements: (1) removal of the bilateral psoas muscles, (2) removal of the lumbar vertebral bodies including the transforaminal ligaments from L3 to L5, (3) opening and removing the dura mater laterally to visualize the rootlets, and (4) removal of remaining soft tissue surrounding the L5 nerve root. Two metal bars were inserted into the sacral body at the level of S1 as fixed landmarks. The tips of these bars were connected to make a line for the ruler that was used to measure movement of the L5 nerve roots. Movement was regarded as measurable when there was an L5 nerve excursion of at least 1 mm. Results The mean age at death was 86.6 years (range 68–89 years). None of the four steps revealed any measurable movement after flexion/extension of the hip and lower lumbar spine on either side (
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