Dominant Control of Macroporosity on Saturated Soil Hydraulic Conductivity at Multiple Scales and Locations Revealed by
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Dominant Control of Macroporosity on Saturated Soil Hydraulic Conductivity at Multiple Scales and Locations Revealed by Wavelet Analyses Luana Nunes Centeno 1 & Wei Hu 2 & Luís Carlos Timm 3 Samuel Beskow 7 & Tamara Leitzke Caldeira 8
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& Dongli She & Arlan da Silva Ferreira & Willian Silva Barros &
Received: 11 September 2019 / Accepted: 17 March 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract Knowledge on multi-scale and localized control of saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) at the watershed scale is lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the multi-scale spatial relationships among Ksat and environmental factors (i.e., soil and topographic attributes and land-use systems) using wavelet coherency and multiple wavelet coherence methods. In the Fragata River Watershed (FRW) in southern Brazil, one hundred points were distributed at equal distances along a 15-km transect. In the 0– 20 cm layer, clay and sand fractions, organic carbon content, bulk density, macroporosity, Ksat, and soil water retention curve were determined from soil sampled at each point. The digital elevation model was used for obtaining topographic attributes. A land-use map was developed by use of satellite images. All data sets were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the relationship among Ksat and the other variables was evaluated through the Spearman correlation coefficient. Wavelet coherency and multiple wavelet coherence were used to examine the correlation among Ksat and each of the explanatory variables and to investigate the scale-specific and localized multivariate relationships among Ksat and predictor variables, respectively. According to the bivariate wavelet coherency and multiple wavelet coherence analyses, macroporosity showed the greatest mean wavelet coherence and percent area of significance coherence with Ksat. The variations of soil macroporosity itself were enough to explain the variations in Ksat in a multiple-scale and location domain. Soil macroporosity could be used as a proxy for assessing runoff potential at different land-use systems with different scales in the FRW in southern Brazil. Keywords Spatial variability . Scale-location domain . Fragata River Watershed . Multiple wavelet coherence
1 Introduction Soil hydraulic properties are essential to properly understand the various processes of the hydrological cycle. Water resource management decisions at the watershed scale are assisted by
* Luís Carlos Timm [email protected] Luana Nunes Centeno [email protected] Wei Hu [email protected] Dongli She [email protected]
hydrological models based on the critical parameters that soil hydraulic properties can provide (Beskow et al. 2016; She et al. 2017). Saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) is an important soil hydraulic property for studies on soil and water management related to agriculture (Cherobim et al. 2018) and environment (Yao
Arlan da Silva Ferreira [email protected] Willian Silva Barros [email protected]
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