Double Stage Gaussian Filter for Better Underwater Image Enhancement
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Double Stage Gaussian Filter for Better Underwater Image Enhancement S. Selva Nidhyanandhan1 · R. Sindhuja1 · R. Shantha Selva Kumari1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Major issue in marine environment imaging is the expulsion of hazy scenes caused by natural phenomena such as absorption and scattering in underwater images. The visual appearance of the underwater image needs to be improved. In this paper, a double stage Gaussian filter (DSGF) and fusion-based approach to enhance the underwater images is proposed. In the proposed two stage process for image fusion, first section deals with applying the DSGF with high, low, and medium sigma values on the individual R, G and B components of input RGB images and second section deals with applying colour component wise contrast limited adaptive histogram followed by median filtering. The outputs of these two sections are fused using principal component analysis fusion technique. Fused image is post-processed using the colour contrast correction for better visibility results. Proposed method is compared with single stage Gaussian filter where only one stage of Gaussian filtering is applied for reduced computation, Adaptive histogram equalization and histogram specification methods. Proposed method results in quality images obtained through gradual intensity improvement and contrast correction process. Qualitative and quantitative analysis are performed on the enhanced underwater images to observe the effectiveness of the algorithm used. The performance measures such as entropy, SSIM, and AMBE unveil the verification of the proposed findings. Keywords Underwater image enhancement · Double stage Gaussian filter (DSGF) · Single stage Gaussian filter (SSGF) · Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) · Image fusion · Median filter
1 Introduction Underwater imaging is an art of recording the image data under water. Expert underwater imaging requires specialized gadgets and techniques. Fish, sea mammals, deep-sea landscapes, invertebrates, marine algae, immersed sea vessels and flight parts are some of the * S. Selva Nidhyanandhan [email protected] R. Shantha Selva Kumari [email protected] 1
Department of ECE, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu, India
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common subjects of underwater imaging. Owing to the presence of absorption and scattering of source of illumination, the underwater images are degraded. The appearances of underwater images suffer from poor visibility, foggy appearance, and misty issues. While acquiring an object, the underwater image blurs due to the surface of waves. Further, the underwater image brings unwanted noise and increases the effects of scattering. If the image acquisition is at various times, different distortions appear in each image. Researchers globally try to reduce the distortion effects on underwater images using very simple techniques to multilayered deep techniques, briefed here. The be
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