Drought Assessment
Information-based decision-making during drought, often brings out some of the excellent practices that are prevalent in society / individuals. This book is designed to provide information on the drought process, meteorological, hydrological, agriculture,
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Drought Assessment
R. Nagarajan Center of Studies in Resources Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-2499-2 (HB) ISBN 978-90-481-2500-5 (e-book)
Copublished by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands with Capital Publishing Company, New Delhi, India. Sold and distributed in North, Central and South America by Springer, 233 Spring Street, New York 10013, USA. In all other countries, except India, sold and distributed by Springer, Haberstrasse 7, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany. In India, sold and distributed by Capital Publishing Company, 7/28, Mahaveer Street, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi, 110 002, India. www.springer.com
Cover illustration: Photographs taken by the author at Nanded district, Maharashtra, India.
Printed on acid-free paper
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Preface
Climate is one among the triggering factors for drought and the geographical location of its occurrence coincides with earths climatic classification. Experts provide varied definitions according to viewpoints based on selective parameters. Drought events that were reported from various parts of the world and their intensity are widespread. Forecasting of drought is general but it is looked from different perspectives by different experts. The first chapter of this book illustrates the abovesaid aspects. Understanding of the precipitation, cloud, weather, monsoon, tropical conditions, different type of weather forecasting, rainfall measurement and methods of analysis which offer greater insight of the drought initiation and preparedness activities, is given in Chapter 2 on Meteorology. Surface water from river, lake and ponds (natural or man-made) and ground water from hard and soft rock aquifer are the sources for supplementary irrigation when there is no rainfall. The quantum of water availability for supplementary irrigation from a source and its sustainability prior to decision making have been dealt in the third chapter. Crop growth and production depends on the suitability of crops for available soil type, seed quality, water and micro level humidity/temperature condition that favours the growth of pests. Chapter 4, Agriculture, discusses soil moisture holding capacity of the soil and crop water requirement for planning purposes. Studies have shown that initiation of drought has certain relationship with the inducing parameters of a given test site. Threshold values of those parameters with reference to meteorology, hydrology, agriculture, socioec
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