Dynamic and Transient Infinite Elements Theory and Geophysical, Geot

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Board of Editors Aeolean Transport, Sediment Transport, Granular Flow Prof. Hans Herrmann Institut für Baustoffe Departement Bau, Umwelt und Geomatik HIF E 12/ETH Hönggerberg 8093 Zürich, Switzerland [email protected]

Avalanches, Landslides, Debris Flows, Pyroclastic Flows, Volcanology Prof. E. Bruce Pitman Department of Mathematics University of Buffalo Buffalo, N. Y. 14260, USA [email protected]

Hydrological Sciences Prof. Vijay P. Singh Water Resources Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803-6405, USA

Nonlinear Geophysics Prof. Efim Pelinovsky Institute of Applied Physics 46 Uljanov Street 603950 Nizhni Novgorod, Russia [email protected]

Planetology, Outer Space Mechanics Prof. Heikki Salo Division of Astronomy Department of Physical Sciences University of Oulu 90570 Oulu, Finnland

Chongbin Zhao

Dynamic and Transient Infinite Elements Theory and Geophysical, Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Applications

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Dr. Chongbin Zhao Computational Geosciences Research Center Central South University Changsha, China [email protected]

ISSN 1866-8348 e-ISSN 1866-8356 ISBN 978-3-642-00845-0 e-ISBN 978-3-642-00846-7 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-00846-7 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009926843 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preamble

Effective and efficient modelling of infinite media is important to the production of accurate and useful solutions for many scientific and engineering problems involving infinite domains, such as earthquake wave propagation within the upper crust of the Earth in the fields of geophysics and seismology, dynamic structure–foundation interaction in the fields of geotechnical, civil and dam engineering, transient porefluid flow, heat transfer and mass transport within the interior of the Earth in the fields of geoscience and geoenvironmental engineering, to name only a few. Such an effective and efficient modelling provides useful analytical and numerical tools for simulating, both accurately and e