Dynamic Compression Strength of Ceramics: What was Learned from an Interlaboratory Round Robin Exercise?
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RESEARCH PAPER
Dynamic Compression Strength of Ceramics: What was Learned from an Interlaboratory Round Robin Exercise? J. J. Swab1 · W. Chen2 · J. Hogan3 · H. Liao2 · C. Lo3 · S. Mates4 · C. Meredith1 · J. J. Pittari III1 · R. Rhorer5 · G. D. Quinn4 Received: 21 April 2020 / Accepted: 12 August 2020 © This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply 2020
Abstract The dynamic compressive strength of a commercial alumina was determined by five participants using the Split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) method with a dumbbell-shaped specimen. Each participant used their own SHPB test apparatus and imaging set-up to conduct the tests and capture the fracture process. The dumbbell-shaped specimen was designed to increase the likelihood of fracture commencing in the specimen gage section rather than at the interface of the specimen and the SHPB bars. The participants had a good success rate (between 40 and 80%) of tests being deemed valid, even though this was the first time several of the participants had used this specimen geometry. The average dynamic compression strength from the five participants were in excellent agreement with each other and ranged from 4.40 to 4.92 GPa with a grand average of 4.61 GPa ± 0.25 GPa (the average of the laboratory averages). The high success rate and remarkable consistency of the results show that the dumbbell-shaped specimen is the most optimum specimen geometry investigated to-date to determine the dynamic compression strength of advanced ceramics using the SHPB test methodology. Keywords Alumina · Dynamic compression strength · Ceramics · Split-hopkinson pressure bar · Dumbbell specimen · Round robin exercise · Interlaboratory study
Background Advanced ceramics such as boron carbide, silicon carbide and alumina are being used, or considered for use, in a variety of systems designed to protect vehicles and individuals against high-energy impact events where the ceramic is typically exposed to peak strain rates of 104/s to 106/s [1–3]. Test methodologies used to evaluate and predict the This manuscript is a condensed version of J.J. Swab and G.D. Quinn, “Dynamic Compression Strength of Ceramics: Results from an Interlaboratory Round-Robin Exercise,” ARL-TR-8860, November 2019, https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.10216.01285. * J. J. Swab [email protected] 1
Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
2
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
3
University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
4
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
5
Rhorer Precision Engineering, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
performance of ceramics at these strain rates are limited in number, cumbersome, time-consuming, and expensive. Additionally, the methods are not conducive to material development and screening as each requires a substantially large ceramic specimen. On the other hand, there is a plethora of standardized methods for evaluating the strength, fractur
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