Dynamic Relaying in 3GPP LTE-Advanced Networks
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Research Article Dynamic Relaying in 3GPP LTE-Advanced Networks Oumer Teyeb,1 Vinh Van Phan,2 Bernhard Raaf,3 and Simone Redana3 1 Radio
Access Technologies (RATE) Section, Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Niels Jernes Vej 12, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark 2 Nokia Siemens Networks, COO Research Technology & Platform, Kaapelitie 4, 90630 Oulu, Finland 3 Nokia Siemens Networks, COO Research Technology & Platform, St.-Martin-Strasse 76, 81541 Munich, Germany Correspondence should be addressed to Oumer Teyeb, [email protected] Received 30 January 2009; Accepted 30 July 2009 Recommended by Constantinos B. Papadias Relaying is one of the proposed technologies for LTE-Advanced networks. In order to enable a flexible and reliable relaying support, the currently adopted architectural structure of LTE networks has to be modified. In this paper, we extend the LTE architecture to enable dynamic relaying, while maintaining backward compatibility with LTE Release 8 user equipments, and without limiting the flexibility and reliability expected from relaying. With dynamic relaying, relays can be associated with base stations on a need basis rather than in a fixed manner which is based only on initial radio planning. Proposals are also given on how to further improve a relay enhanced LTE network by enabling multiple interfaces between the relay nodes and their controlling base stations, which can possibly be based on technologies different from LTE, so that load balancing can be realized. This load balancing can be either between different base stations or even between different networks. Copyright © 2009 Oumer Teyeb et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
1. Introduction The use of radio relaying with the deployment of relay nodes (RNs) for coverage extension in cellular networks is not a new concept [1]. Apart from the main goal of coverage extension, enabling relaying in a cellular network can also help in the provisioning of high data rate coverage in high shadowing environments (e.g., indoors) and hotspots, reducing the deployment costs of cellular networks, prolonging the battery lifetime for user equipments (UEs), and generally saving power by reducing the overall transmission of cellular networks and enhancing cell capacity and effective throughput. Figure 1 shows the most typical usage scenarios for relaying. Many of the earlier studies on relaying were rather theoretical and mainly concerned with information theoretic capacity limits. It is only recently that practical solutions have been proposed due to the maturity of cellular systems and the ever increasing demand for high data rate services [1–4]. After being carefully considered in prestandardization activities like the IST-WINNER project [2], relay enhanced systems are achieving the level of maturity needed in ongoing
standardization activities. The best evidence of this ma
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