Dynamical Systems and Turbulence, Warwick 1980 Proceedings of a Symp

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To express this precisely consider the linearisation

of (3) dv/dt = f (t,lJ.!v)

-

(4)

-

This is to be thought of as a complex linear equation (with real coefficients) on H , the complexification of H.

Associated with (4) is a linear operator on the space

of

l' -periodic vector fields on

J

= -d/dt + f (t, IJ.I.) (5) IJ. -u are called Floguet exponents. The orbit u = 0 is stable if all Floquet

Eigenvalues of J IJ exponents have negative real part, and unstable if any has positive real part.

The loss

of stability at IJ. = 0 is assumed to occur in the simplest way :

Bifurcation Assumptions : There is a Floquet exponent a(lJ.) (i) a(O)

=

iW

= 2;r

0

s;

=

+ i7)(IJ.) such that

r < l,

O (it) a(lJ.) and a(lJ.) are isolated algebraically simple eigenvalues of JIJ. .

(iii)

> 0 .

(iv) All eigenvalues of J

O

other than a(O) and (](O) have negative real part.

The type of bifurcation that occurs depends on the value of r , (i) Strong Resonance: if r

= min

and n

= 1,2,3,

or n

=4

and a certain inequality

holds then nT-periodic solutions bifurcate. (Ii) Y.H. Wan [6J has shown that there is an invariant