Dynamics of Nanocomposite Formation and Impact Modification of Polyethyleneterephthalate
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Dynamics of Nanocomposite Formation and Impact Modification of Polyethyleneterephthalate Elif Alyamac and Ulku Yilmazer Middle East Technical University, Chemical Engineering Department, 06531, Ankara, TURKEY ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the effects of component concentrations and addition order of the components, on the final properties of ternary nanocomposites composed of poly(ethylene terephthalate), organoclay, and an ethylene/methyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate (E-MA-GMA) terpolymer acting as an impact modifier for PET. Among the investigated addition orders, the best sequence of component addition (PI-C i.e. PET, Impact Modifier-Clay) was the one in which poly (ethylene terephthalate) was first compounded with E-MA-GMA. Later, this mixture was compounded with the organoclay in the subsequent run. In X-ray diffraction analysis, extensive layer separation associated with delamination of the original clay structure was observed in PI-C and (CI-P i.e. Clay, Impact Modifier-PET) sequences with both 1 and 3 wt. % clay contents. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that, at these conditions, exfoliated structures were obtained. INTRODUCTION Current reports on poly(ethylene terephthalate) based nanocomposites [1-4] and impact modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) [5] exist in the literature. However, there are no studies on nanocomposites formed from organically modified clay as the reinforcing agent and impact modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) as the matrix. In this study, the effects of component concentrations and addition order of the components, on the final properties of ternary nanocomposites composed of amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) matrix, organically modified clay, and an ethylene/methyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate (E-MA-GMA) terpolymer were systematically investigated. EXPERIMENTAL Amorphous poly (ethylene terephthalate) with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.57 dL/g, Cloisite 25A (a natural montmorillonite modified with a quaternary ammonium salt) and Lotader GMA AX8900 (ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (E-MA-GMA) terpolymer) were purchased from Sasa, Adana, Turkey, Southern Clay Products, USA and Atofina Chemicals, France respectively. A Thermoprism TSE 16 TC twin screw extruder was used for the preparation of all the formulations. The screw speed was 350 rpm and the barrel temperature profile was 200-275-275-275-280°C. The addition orders investigated can be summarized as follows: P, I and C stand for PET, Impact Modifier (E-MA-GMA), and Clay respectively. The first two letters indicate the materials mixed in the first run. This mixture was compounded with
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the third ingredient in the subsequent run. The following sequences were prepared: Sequence 1 (PI-C), Sequence 2 (PC-I), Sequence 3 (CI-P), Sequence 4 (All-S) All simultaneous feeding. After melt compounding, a laboratory scale injection molding machine (Microinjector, Daca Instruments) was used to mold the specimens of all melt compounded formulations. X-ray diffraction patterns
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