Ear Biometrics in 2D and 3D Localization and Recognition
This book presents the state-of-the-art techniques and recent research progress on Ear Biometrics. Among the various physiological traits, the reasons for the ear to gain much attention in recent years are many folds. It has been found to be a reliable bi
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Surya Prakash Phalguni Gupta
Ear Biometrics in 2D and 3D Localization and Recognition
Augmented Vision and Reality Volume 10
Series editors Riad I. Hammoud, Burlington, MA, USA Lawrence B. Wolff, New York, NY, USA
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8612
Surya Prakash Phalguni Gupta •
Ear Biometrics in 2D and 3D Localization and Recognition
123
Surya Prakash Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore India
ISSN 2190-5916 Augmented Vision and Reality ISBN 978-981-287-374-3 DOI 10.1007/978-981-287-375-0
Phalguni Gupta Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur India
ISSN 2190-5924 (electronic) ISBN 978-981-287-375-0
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015933821 Springer Singapore Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer Science+Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd. is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Dedicated to My Beloved Parents Surya Prakash My Wife and Daughter Phalguni Gupta
Preface
Authentication of a person to ascertain his/her identity is an important problem in society. There are three common ways to perform authentication. The first relies on what a person possesses such as keys, identity cards, etc., while the second is based on what a person knows such as passwords, personal identification numbers (PINs), etc. The third way of authentication relies on what a person carries, i.e., the unique characteristics of a human being (Biometrics). Even though the first two methods are well established and accepted in society, they may fail to make true authentication on many occasions. For example, there is a possibility that items under possession may be lost, misplaced, or stolen. Similarly, one can forget passwords, etc. As a result, authentication may not be correct. However, this is not true i
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