Earth-Abundant and Precious Metal Nanoparticle Catalysis
This chapter is an overview focusing on the preparation and use of transition metal-containing nanoparticles (NPs) described in the literature over the past decade or so. It is organized according to the metal, including NPs that feature catalysis based o
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Earth-Abundant and Precious Metal Nanoparticle Catalysis Margery Cortes-Clerget, Nnamdi Akporji, Balaram S. Takale, Alex Wood, Evan Landstrom, and Bruce H. Lipshutz
Contents 1 Introduction 2 Palladium 3 Nickel 4 Platinum 5 Copper 6 Gold 7 Rhodium 8 Ruthenium 9 Cobalt 10 Iron 11 Summary References
Abstract This chapter is an overview focusing on the preparation and use of transition metal-containing nanoparticles (NPs) described in the literature over the past decade or so. It is organized according to the metal, including NPs that feature catalysis based on Pd, Ni, Pt, Cu, Au, Rh, Ru, Co, and Fe. Nanoparticles that involve metals on various supports are discussed, as are those derived solely from precursor metals salts. Experimental procedures from these reports detailing both the preparation and use of several of these NPs are also contained herein.
M. Cortes-Clerget Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland e-mail: [email protected] N. Akporji, B. S. Takale, A. Wood, E. Landstrom, and B. H. Lipshutz (*) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
M. Cortes-Clerget et al.
Exciting developments associated with mixed metal NPs and their applications that highlight synergistic effects of synthetic value offer a glimpse of what is likely to be an increasingly important direction for catalysis in the near future. Keywords Catalysis · Nanoparticles · Synergistic effects between metals · Transition metals
1 Introduction Metal nanoparticle technology applied to organic synthesis continues to blossom. New materials for catalysis are being introduced on a regular basis, while methods for their analyses have become increasingly sophisticated, offering insights that have led to many of these advances. Technically, even in cases where these materials are quite small, including metal clusters, metal nanoparticles (NPs), and even species containing single atoms, they are all categorized within the area of heterogeneous catalysis. A timely and extensive review by Liu and Corma in 2018 highlighted the important factors that can influence metal catalysts of these types, drawing attention to parameters such as size and shape, among several others (e.g., metal support, their chemical make-up, the influence of additives such as other metals, etc.) [1]. At stake, of course, are the resulting key issues of reactivity and selectivity and, ultimately, synthetic utility. Hence, this review focuses on not only the development of new NPs but also the synthetic applications that have appeared over the past decade, discussed according to metal.
2 Palladium Palladium occupies a unique position among transition metals in the field of catalysis. Although a costly precious metal, it remains world-renowned for its ability to catalyze formation of new C-
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