Eco-and Ground Bio-Engineering: The Use of Vegetation to Improve Slope Stability
In an era where climate change, natural catastrophes and land degradation are major issues, the conservation of soil and vegetation in mountainous or sloping regions has become an international priority. How to avoid substrate mass movement through landsl
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Alexia Stokes Ioannis Spanos Joanne E. Norris Erik Cammeraat Editors D E V E LO P M E N TS I N P L A N T A N D S O I L S C I E N C E S
Eco- and Ground Bio-Engineering: The Use
Eco- and Ground Bio-Engineering: The Use of Vegetation to Improve Slope Stability Proceedings of the First International Conference on Eco-Engineering 13-17 September 2004
ECO- AND GROUND BIO-ENGINEERING: THE USE OF VEGETATION TO IMPROVE SLOPE STABILITY
Eco- and Ground Bio-Engineering: The Use of Vegetation to Improve Slope Stability Proceedings of the First International Conference on Eco-Engineering 13–17 September 2004
Edited by ALEXIA STOKES IOANNIS SPANOS JOANNE E. NORRIS and ERIK CAMMERAAT
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-10 1-4020-5592-7 ISBN-13 978-1-4020-5592-8 ISBN-10 1-4020-5593-5 ISBN-13 978-1-4020-5593-5
Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17,3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
www.springer.com
Cover photo: The Finite Element Method was used to calculate the strength of tree root anchorage, with a digitized Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) root system shown here as an example (data from F. Danjon, INRA). This numerical method was not only used on real root systems, but also applied to simulated schematic root patters. These theoretical investigations provided information concerning various aspects of tree anchorage mechanics, with regard to both root morphology and soil characteristics. It was shown for instance that the soil type significantly modifies the mode of failure of the root/soil plate. It was also demonstrated that, for a given total root biomass, heart-root systems are the most resistant pattern in clay-like soil and tap-root anchorage efficiency is higher in sandy-like soil.
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Contents Preface..............................................................................................................................
ix
Mechanisms and modelling of root reinforcement on slopes The influence of cellulose content on tensile strength in tree roots..................................................... Marie Genet, Alexia Stokes, Franck Salin, Slobodan B. Mickovski, Thierry Fourcaud, Jean-Fran¸cois Dumail & Rens van Beek
3
Novel biomechanical analysis of plant roots................................................................................ O. Hamza, A.G. Bengough, M.F. Bransby, M.C.R. Davies, C. Halpin & P.D. Hallett
13
Root reinforcement: analyses and experiments............................................................................. Tien H. Wu
21
Root strength and root
