Ecological Restoration of Degraded Supratidal Wetland Based on Microtopography Modification: a Case Study in the Yellow
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WETLANDS RESTORATION
Ecological Restoration of Degraded Supratidal Wetland Based on Microtopography Modification: a Case Study in the Yellow River Delta Guangmei Wang 1,2 & Juanzhang Lv 3 & Guangxuan Han 1,2 & Shuyu Zhu 3 & Xiaoling Liu 1,2 & Andong Wang 3 & Bo Guan 1,2 & Yajie Zhao 3 Received: 19 January 2020 / Accepted: 28 July 2020 # Society of Wetland Scientists 2020
Abstract In the past two decades, the supratidal wetland in the Yellow River Delta experienced severe saline-alkalization and vegetation degradation. Restoration with enclosure-freshwater release mode has prevailed since 2002. This method presented some positive effects, but need a massive freshwater supply. Furthermore, the subsequent formed single Phragmites australis vegetation weakened the bird habitation function. In this study, we developed another restoration mode based on microtopography modification. The core idea of the mode is to enhance micro-habitat heterogeneity thus improve the water resource temporal-spatial distribution and shape more niches. An ecological restoration program was designed and implemented since May, 2015. The monitoring data from July, 2015 to December 2017 showed that, with no extra artificially drained freshwater released, the soil salinity decreased by 15.4% to 30.8%. The area of bare land decreased while that vegetation and water surface increased, resulting in relative even land cover composition, habitat heterogeneity increased and thus the bird biodiversity improved. This mode is more ecological and water cost-effective and is suitable to restore the degraded saline-alkalized supratidal wetlands. However, longterm comprehensive monitoring is essential to evaluate the restoration effect. Many detailed parameters for topography modification need further optimized. Keywords Supratidal wetland . Ecological restoration . Microtopography modification . Bird diversity . The Yellow River Delta
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01351-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Guangmei Wang [email protected] * Guangxuan Han [email protected] 1
CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Process and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Process, YICCAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, Shandong 264003, People’s Republic of China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, People’s Republic of China
3
Administration Bureau of the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve, Dongying, Shandong 257091, People’s Republic of China
As the most productive ecosystems on earth, coastal wetlands can provide vital ecosystem services such as pollution reduction, storm buffering, fishery production and biodiversity maintenance (Mumby 2006; Costanza et al. 2008; Nagelkerken et al. 2008; Gedan et al. 2011; Ouyang and Guo 2016). However, for located in coastal ecotone and influenced by the sea-land interac
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