Ecological Sustainability Indicators of the Mining Industry Areas in Russia
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_________________ MINING ECOLOGY AND EXPLOITATION ____________________ OF THE EARTH’S BOWELS ___________________________________________________________________________________
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Ecological Sustainability Indicators of the Mining Industry Areas in Russia G. V. Kalabin Academician Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia e-mail: [email protected] Received January 28, 2020 Revised March 18, 2020 Accepted May 29, 2020 Abstract—The author gives methodological ground for the assessment of ecological sustainability of the mining industry areas based on the mechanism of interaction between the natural and technical subsystems. The list and values of the required ecological stability indicators are presented for the environmental risk classification of industrial facilities. Keywords: Mining industry, areas, ecological sustainability, measured indicators, natural and technical subsystems. DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120036775
INTRODUCTION
The modern concept of sustainable development has come into being as a result of incorporation of three cornerstones of advancement—economy, society and ecology, with emphasis laid upon finiteness of natural resources and pollution of the environment. Coordination of the three components and their translation into specific activities is a challenging problem. A crucial point in this regard is sustainability assessment of specific industry areas using measurable and applicative indicators in operational situation analysis. The methods of quantitative estimate under uncertainty are the key components of sustainability assessment for the ecological, economical and social decisionmaking and conformable philosophy pursuing, far beyond the limits of an engineering or scientific estimate [1, 2]. Harmonization of the three major points of advancement—economical, social and ecological—is a necessary but insufficient condition of sustainable development of a territory. The decisive element— philosophy—is administered by decision makers. Any recommendations should be objectively evaluated in term of applicability in a real industrial situation. In Russia rating of a territory is mostly based on one (seldom two) criterion—ecology. Weakness of the economy criterion is explained by the fluctuation of the development model of Russia’s economy (raw-material economy) and by the related inequality of federal subjects. The social criterion dominates in the territories of high urbanization and, consequently, high ecological stress, as, for example, in the Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk Regions of Russia. At the local scale, the ecology criterion acquires a defining value since the quantitative assessment methods for the state of nature already exist and are approved for specific areas of industrial facilities. In the meanwhile, the rest two criteria are evaluated at best at the scale of regions per federal subjects of Russia. 486
ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS OF THE MINING INDUST
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