Economic Dispatch of Grids Based on Intelligent Coordination Between Electric Vehicle and Photovoltaic Power
There are growing interests in electric vehicles because of environment concern. When a large number of EVs are introduced a power system, there will be extensive impacts on the security and economy of power system operation. Given this background, a disp
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College of Electrical Engineering and Information Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China [email protected] 2 School of Information and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China 3 Faculty of Management and Economics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Abstract. There are growing interests in electric vehicles because of environment concern. When a large number of EVs are introduced a power system, there will be extensive impacts on the security and economy of power system operation. Given this background, a dispatch optimization model is built in this paper to mitigate the peak-to-valley ratio of equivalent loads and reduce the active power losses of the distributed grid, based on the driving characteristics of EVs and other demands in power system. Particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted to solve this optimization problem. The proposed model and algorithm are applied to the IEEE 33-bus test system, and the simulation results indicate the feasibility and efficiency. Keywords: Particle swarm optimization Peak-to-valley ratio Active power losses
Electric vehicles
Dispatch
1 Introduction With the continued development of renewable energy generation technologies and increasing pressure to combat the global effects of greenhouse warming, electric vehicles (EVs) have received worldwide attention. Photovoltaic (PV) has obtained a wide range of applications with the development of renewable energy techniques. The penetration of PV is also increased in China with about 17.8 GW being installed in 2015, the greatest installation capacity in the world. Because of intermittent and limited predictable nature, PV raises a challenge in maintaining a safe and economic power grid [1]. Electric vehicles (EVs) have been becoming attractive for green transportation to cope with global energy crisis and environmental pollution. Previous statistics have
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 D.-S. Huang and K.-H. Jo (Eds.): ICIC 2016, Part II, LNCS 9772, pp. 793–804, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42294-7_70
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shown that China has 120,000 EVs by 2014, with the growth rate of more than 70 % every year. It is expected that the occupancy rate of EVs in China will amount to about 25 % of the global market by 2020. The out-of-order charging of large-scale EVs will have a negative influence on the system losses, the operation costs, and the harmonic pollution to a safe and economic operation of the power grid. According to the survey in [2], a vast majority of EVs are stopped in 96 % of the time each day. By using the V2G technique [3], EVs are the loads of the power system in a state of charging, and are emergent power sources when discharging [4]. In recent years, integrating renewable energy generation with EVs’ charging and discharging hasbeen becoming a research focus all over the world. In [5], in consideration of the wind power output distribution of the Jiuquan wind farm, a collaborat
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