Economic Systems of Innovation in the Arab Region
The Arab region has become a hotbed of economic growth in recent decades. While this growth has indisputably brought in wealth, there are still countless questions about the characteristics, constraints, and implications of the region's systems of innovat
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Economic Systems of Innovation in the Arab Region
Samia Mohamed Nour
ECONOMIC SYSTEMS OF INNOVATION IN THE ARAB REGION
Copyright © Samia Mohamed Nour 2016
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2016 978-1-137-46299-2 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission. In accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 2016 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN The author has asserted their right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of Nature America, Inc., One New York Plaza, Suite 4500, New York, NY 10004-1562. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. ISBN: 978-1-349-69055-8 E-PDF ISBN: 978–1–137–46221–3 DOI: 10.1057/9781137462213 Distribution in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world is by Palgrave Macmillan®, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Mohamed Nour, Samia, author. Title: Economic systems of innovation in the Arab region / by Samia Mohamed Nour. Description: New York, NY : Palgrave Macmillan, [2015] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015034044 | Subjects: LCSH: Technological innovations—Economic aspects—Arab countries. | Diffusion of innovations—Arab countries. | Economic development—Arab countries. Classification: LCC HC498.9.T4 N68 2015 | DDC 338/.06409174927—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015034044 A catalogue record for the book is available from the British Library.
For my beloved parents, Alawia and Satti
Contents
List of Figures
ix
List of Tables
xvii
Preface
xix
Acknowledgments
xxiii
Permissions
xxvii
List of Abbreviations
xxix
Chapter 1 General Introduction
1
Chapter 2 Economic Development Challenges in the Arab Region and the Need for Promoting Systems of Innovation
13
Chapter 3 Conceptual Framework and Literature Review
75
Chapter 4 Overview of National Systems of Innovation in the Arab Countries
91
Chapter 5 Overview of Regional Systems of Innovation in the Arab Region
167
Chapter 6 Implications of Poor Systems of Innovation in the Arab Region
233
Chapter 7 Summary and Conclusions
271
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