Economics for Environmental Studies A Strategic Guide to Micro- and

An understanding of fundamental economic concepts is essential for students in environmental studies programs around the world. The present textbook addresses their needs, providing a concise introduction to micro- and macroeconomics and demonstrating how

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Alfred Endres • Volker Radke

Economics for Environmental Studies A Strategic Guide to Micro- and Macroeconomics

Alfred Endres University of Hagen Hagen Germany

Volker Radke Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University Ravensburg Ravensburg Germany

Additional material to this book can be downloaded from http://extra.springer.com ISSN 2192-4333 ISSN 2192-4341 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-642-31192-5 ISBN 978-3-642-31193-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-31193-2 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012946349 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer-ScienceþBusiness Media (www.springer.com)

Acknowledgements

The authors of the present textbook have been teaching economics for environmental studies for many years within the interdisciplinary distance learning program in environmental sciences INFERNUM. INFERNUM (Interdisziplin€ares Fernstudium Umweltwissenschaften) is a “Joint Venture” of the University of Hagen, Germany, and the Fraunhofer Institut for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology (UMSICHT), Germany. The authors would like to thank Professor Helmut Breitmeier, University of Hagen, and the other colleagues for the wonderful cooperation, a