EEG Coherence Metrics for Vigilance: Sensitivity to Workload, Time-on-Task, and Individual Differences
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EEG Coherence Metrics for Vigilance: Sensitivity to Workload, Time‑on‑Task, and Individual Differences Altyngul Kamzanova1 · Gerald Matthews2 · Almira Kustubayeva1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The vigilance decrement in performance is a significant operational issue in various applied settings. Psychophysiological methods for diagnostic monitoring of vigilance have focused on power spectral density measures from the electroencephalogram (EEG). This article addresses the diagnosticity of an alternative set of EEG measures, coherence between different electrode sites. Coherence metrics may index the functional connectivity between brain regions that supports sustained attention. Coherence was calculated for seven pre-defined brain networks. Workload and time-on-task factors primarily influenced alpha and theta coherence in anterior, central, and inter-hemispheric networks. Individual differences in coherence in interhemispheric, left intro-hemispheric and posterior networks correlated with performance. These findings demonstrate the potential applied utility of coherence metrics, although several methodological limitations and challenges must be overcome. Keywords Vigilance · EEG · Coherence · Workload · Individual differences · Synchronization · Diagnostic monitoring
Introduction Deterioration in vigilant attention is common in multiple applied settings including vehicle operation, industrial process control, and medical monitoring (Warm et al. 2008). Electroencephalographic (EEG) methods have been widely utilized for diagnostic monitoring of vigilance in such contexts. Power spectral densities (PSD) of frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) in continuous EEG index fluctuations in attention and alertness (Gevins and Smith 2003; Klimesch 1999; Mehta and Parasuraman 2013). Typically, the spectral power of lower frequency bands increases over time as the person becomes fatigued (Borghini et al. 2014; Craig et al. 2012). The EEG also provides metrics beyond spectral power that may be diagnostic Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-020-09461-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Almira Kustubayeva [email protected] 1
Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al‑Farabi Ave, 050040 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, 3100 Technology Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
2
in applied settings. Researchers have used event-related potential components (ERP) such as the P3 response to investigate vigilance (Haubert et al. 2018) and workload (Polich 2007). However, for rapid assessment of cognitive state, the disadvantage of the ERP method is the need to average response over multiple trials. Another type of metric is coherence between different recording sites, which is linked to functional connectivity of different brain areas (Kaplan et al. 2002). In
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