Effect of Aerobic Physical Exercise in an Animal Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
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Effect of Aerobic Physical Exercise in an Animal Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Andreza Hoepers 1 & Adriano Alberti 1 & Viviane Freiberger 1 & Letícia Ventura 1 & Leoberto Ricardo Grigollo 1 & Cristina Salar Andreu 2 & Bruna Becker da Silva 1 & Daniel Fernandes Martins 1 & Rudy José Nodari Junior 3 & Emilio L. Streck 4 & Clarissa M. Comim 1 Received: 14 October 2019 / Accepted: 22 April 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a condition caused by an amendment to the X chromosome, inherited as a recessive trait, and affects 1:3500 live births, especially males. Low-intensity exercise is known to decrease certain parameters associated with muscular degeneration in animal models of progressive muscular dystrophies. In the present study, 28-day-old male mdx and wild-type (wild) mice were used. The animals were subjected to a low-intensity physical exercise protocol for 8 weeks. It was found that this protocol was able to reduce oxidative stress in muscle tissue and in most of the CNS structures analyzed, with a significant increase in antioxidant activity in all analyzed structures. It is thus possible to infer that this exercise protocol was able to reduce oxidative stress and improve the energy metabolism in brain tissue and in the gastrocnemius muscle of animals with DMD. Keywords Duchenne muscular dystrophy . Animal . Physical exercise . Oxidative stress . Muscle
Introduction Progressive muscular dystrophies (PMS) are a group of genetic diseases that have as a common feature progressive muscle weakness caused by the degeneration of the skeletal muscle tissue. Different forms of PMS are differentiated by the type of musculature affected, the form of genetic inheritance, the age at symptom onset, and the speed of evolution (Matthew 2013; Dalton et al. 2015). Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by a defective gene located on the X-chromosome, responsible for * Adriano Alberti [email protected] 1
Research Group on Neurodevelopment of Childhood and Adolescence, Laboratory of Experimental Neuroscience, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences University of South Santa Catarina, Palhoça, SC, Brazil
2
CEU Cardenal Herrera University, Valencia, Spain
3
Department of Physical Education, University of West Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, Brazil
4
Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
the production of the dystrophin protein (Marconi et al. 2017), and mainly affects males. This disease usually appears in early childhood and is characterized by delays in motor milestones. DMD leads to weakening of skeletal muscles, and is known as the most common and severe type of muscular disorder because of its early onset and rapid evolution of symptoms (Matthew 2013; Ljubicic et al. 2014; Savino et al. 2018). The treatment of patients diagnosed with DMD needs to be multidisciplinary, judicious, and always focused on the patient’
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