Effect of alloying elements on the distoritions in the matrix of a complex alloyed steel
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Effect of Alloying Elements on the Distortions in the Matrix of a Complex Alloyed Steel BERTOLD VINOKUR Mechanical, physical, chemical, and other properties of steels determine the condition and strength of the interatomic bond. The measurement of strength of the interatomic bond may be averaged from the quadratic displacement of atoms from the equilibrium position. In previous work, I~-'] bonding forces to the iron's binary alloys were investigated. These investigations did not progress to more complex systems. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate the bonding forces of alloying steels. Martensite dissociates by tempering of quenched steel and carbide concentrate of alloying elements from solid solution. Therefore, bonding forces in the matrix change for each tempering temperature. Distortions in the crystal lattice are of three kinds. Distortion 1 is from forming, heat treatment, etc. These are macrodistortions. Distortion Ii consists of point and line inperfections of the crystal lattice. Distortion Ill consists of deviations of atoms in the crystal lattice from the position of equilibrium. These distortions are called BERTOLD VINOKUR, fl~nnerly Professor of Materials Science and Director of the Laboratory of High-Alloy Steel~ at the Institute of Materials Science. Academy of Science of Ukrainian Republic, Kiev, Russia, is presently residing in the United States at 13109 Bustleton Avenue, Somerton Court, Apt. B28, Philadelphia, PA 19116. Manuscript submitted November 25, 1991. METALLURGICAL TRANSACTIONS A
static distortions and are marked u~,. Thermal oscillations of atoms relative to position of equilibrium are called dynamic distortions and are marked u+,. Atoms of alloying elements change bonding forces in the crystal lattice and influence the value of oscillating movements. In previous work carried out by the author, t3'4-5] it was shown that in the tempering of quenched Cr-Mn-Mo, Cr-Mn-W, Cr-Ni-Mo, and Cr-Ni-W steels (indicated as 30CrMnMo, 30CrMnW, 30CrNiMo, and 30CrNiW)* *In the standards of Russia, the first number indicates the content of carbon in the hundredth part of percent. Numbers after the chemical element symbol mark the content of this element in percent. If a number is absent after the element symbol, the content of the element is approximately 1 pet. For example, the steel 30Cr2MnMoV content is approximately 0.3 pct C, 2 pct Cr, 1 pet Mn. 0.25 pet Mo, and 0.1 pet V.
with various amounts of Mo or W and also in the tempering of other chromium steels containing approximately 1 and 2 pet Cr, distortions of type I11 in the matrix change in accordance with the conditions of carbide formation. An increase in tempering temperature is accompanied by the precipitation of carbon and "alloying elements from the matrix, and this increases the level of dynamic distortions and reduces the level of static distortions. If special carbides form in the steel by means of the aging mechanism ( i . e . , alloyed cementite dissociates in the initial stage and this is followed by formation of nuclei of a new
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