Effect of Aluminum on Borocarbides and Temper Softening Resistance of High-Boron High-Speed Steel
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ABRASION, corrosion, and fracture are three primary failure modes of materials. In abrasion, the rapid consumption of wear-resistant materials results in a severe waste of energy and resources.[1] As a type of wear-resistant material, rolls are crucial in steel rolling. The wide usage of alloying elements, and the gradual increase in the alloying grade of materials, are both developments in the roll manufacturing industry. Currently, high-chromium white cast iron and high-speed steel are two widely used types of materials in roll
XIANGYI REN, JIANDONG XING, and SHULI TANG are with the State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] HANGUANG FU is with the Research Institute of Advanced Materials Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript submitted March 12, 2018.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
manufacturing.[2–4] High-speed steel rolls have the best performance among all roll materials. However, highspeed steel rolls generally contain many expensive elements such as vanadium, tungsten, cobalt, and niobium. The addition of these elements increases the production costs.[5] Moreover, the carbon content of a generic high-speed steel is typically 1.5 wt pct. Some of the carbon atoms combine with iron or other elements for carbide formation, while others dissolve in the matrix.[6] High carbon content decreases the toughness and thermal fatigue properties of the material; therefore, cracks and spalling appear easily on the roll surface, leading to the acceleration of wear.[7] Therefore, the development of novel roll materials with lower cost and better wear resistance is necessary for solving these problems. As China is a boron-rich country, in recent years, more investigations have been conducted on various alloys with the addition of boron.[8–15] As a late-model alloying element, boron significantly contributed to improvements in the microstructure and property of alloys, e.g., reduction in grain size, thinning of the intermetallic compounds, reduction in production costs, and simplification of production processes.[16–20] Furthermore, alloys with boron typically have excellent
properties of hardenability, tensile strength, bending strength, and wear resistance.[10,21–23] As a low-cost metallic material, aluminum has attracted a number of investigators, and many studies have utilized aluminum as an alloying element. Some researchers found that correct aluminum addition in alloy could improve its properties. Zhou et al. and Yi et al. investigated aluminum-added M2 high-speed steel and Fe-B alloy, revealing the weak surface activity of aluminum, which could restrain the growth of intermetallic compounds.[24,25] Yang et al. and Liu et al. suggested that aluminum-added steel has an excellent property of
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