Effect of barium sulfate surface treatments on the mechanical properties of acrylic bone cements
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Effect of barium sulfate surface treatments on the mechanical properties of acrylic bone cements Ena Deyla Bolaina‑Lorenzo1 · Jose Manuel Cervantes‑Uc1 · Juan Valerio Cauich‑Rodriguez1 · Alejandro Avila‑Ortega2 · Juan Antonio Juarez‑Moreno2 Received: 2 March 2020 / Revised: 19 August 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Although current commercial acrylic bone cements have been used successfully in total joint replacement surgery for over five decades, some further improvement are being investigated to cope with cement failure, one approach is surface modification of BaSO4 particles to improve its interfacial adhesion with the polymeric matrix in acrylic bone cements formulations. In this article, B aSO4 particles were modified by different surface treatments. The first of them involved the use of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate as a coupling agent; in the second, the radiopaque particles were exposed to oxygen plasma at power levels of 15 and 70 W, followed by MPS coupling agent and the last one consisted in exposing the radiopaque particles to methyl methacrylate (MMA) plasma. Mechanical properties of the bone cements prepared with modified B aSO4 particles were improved due to its higher dispersion degree in polymeric matrix. Keywords Surface modification · Barium sulfate · Plasma treatment · Silane coupling agent · Bone cements
Introduction The addition of inorganic particles, like barium sulfate ( BaSO4), zirconium dioxide, among others, in a proportion ranging from 10 to 20 wt% into bone cement formulations is performed to achieve radio-opacity and allow its X-ray visualization [1]. This has a tremendous impact in mechanical properties of acrylic bone cement * Juan Antonio Juarez‑Moreno [email protected] 1
Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, C.P. 97203 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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Polymer Bulletin
formulations; as it is well known that the presence of barium sulfate reduces the tensile strength of the cement compared to radiolucent cement, and moreover, barium sulfate clumps are known to act as fatigue crack initiation sites [2–6]. It has been reported that the deterioration of the mechanical properties in bone cement formulations is due to both the poor dispersion and incompatibility between the hydrophilic inorganic particles (e.g., B aSO4) [7–9] and the hydrophobic organic acrylic matrix such as poly(methyl methacrylate), (PMMA) [10]. The incompatibility between the polymeric and inorganic phases induces stress concentrations in the phase boundaries reducing the mechanical properties of bone cements. Therefore, it is important to improve the mechanical properties of bone cements through functionalization of inorganic fillers [11
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