Effect of condensing cavity on the performance of a passive solar desalination system: an experimental study
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effect of condensing cavity on the performance of a passive solar desalination system: an experimental study Hashim Sahar Mohaisen 1 & Javad Abolfazli Esfahani 1,2
&
Mohammad Bagher Ayani 1
Received: 26 March 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, the effects of adding a condensing cavity in a passive single-basin solar still are investigated experimentally under the climate condition of Mashhad. The condensing cavity acts as an interior cooler. It is cooled by the natural convection heat transfer with the surroundings and accordingly; it keeps the evaporating chamber at a lower pressure. Hence, the condensing cavity increases the rate of evaporation. As a result, this still can increase the productivity of freshwater. The results show that the ratio of vapor condensation on the inner surface of the condensing cavity is about 43% of the vapor condensation on the inner surface of the glass cover, which is 30% of the total freshwater during one day of experiment. This modified solar still represents a simple system, and it can be easily manufactured at a low cost. Keywords Single-basin solar still . Condensing cavity . Experimental . Passive . Interior cooler
Nomenclature a Standard uncertainty Abl Area of the basin-liner (m2) AC Annual cost AMC Annual maintenance cost ASV Annual salvage value CPL Cost per litter CRF Capital recovery factor FAC First annual cost hfg Latent heat of water vaporization I Initial cost Id Daily averaged solar irradiation (W/m2) Ii Hourly solar intensity (W/m2) M Average annual productivity ˙c m Hourly distillate yield on condenser wall (kg/s) ˙d m Daily distillate yield (kg/day)
Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Javad Abolfazli Esfahani [email protected] 1
Mechanical Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2
Center of excellence on Modelling and Control Systems (CEMCS), Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
˙g m ˙i m n N P r S SFF T u ˙ ) U(m U(η) η
Hourly distillate yield on glass cover (kg/s) Hourly distillate yield (kg/s) Lifetime (Years) Number of daylight hours Initial cost Annual interest rate Salvage value Sinking fund factor Temperature (°C) Accuracy of instrument Maximum combined uncertainty for the distillate yield Maximum combined uncertainty for the device efficiency Efficiency
Subscripts a Ambient c Condenser wall d Daily g Glass cover i Hourly E East N North
Environ Sci Pollut Res
Introduction Water covers about 70% of the earth. About 97% of the water is found in the oceans, 2% is in Arctic snow, and 1% is contained in rivers, lakes, and groundwater, which is essential for human, animal, and plant life (Shankar and Kumar 2012). This small amount of fresh water is sufficient for all creatures on earth, but the vast increase in population, rapid industrial developments, and water pollution have restricted freshwater availability. The accessibility of potable water is a considerable challenge in many areas of the world b
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