Effect of different planting times on the quantitative variation of total seed isoflavone content and composition in Kor
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Effect of different planting times on the quantitative variation of total seed isoflavone content and composition in Korean soybean cultivars (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Hong‑Sik Kim1 · Beom‑Kyu Kang1 · Jeong‑Hyun Seo1 · Hyun‑Tae Kim1 · Tae‑Joung Ha1 · Jae‑Hyeon Oh2 · Sang‑Ouk Shin1 · In‑Yeol Baek1 Accepted: 4 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract There is great interest in the enhancement of isoflavones as one of the functional ingredients in soybean. This study aimed to investigate the effects of changes in the ecological environment over different planting times on isoflavone content. A total of 28 Korean soybean cultivars were grown at different planting times in late May, mid-June, and early July and their isoflavone content was measured over 2 years (2017 and 2018). Analyses of variance revealed significant effects of genotypes, planting times, years, and their interactions on isoflavone content. The average content of total isoflavone, as well as its component groups of malonylglucoside and aglycon, increased significantly as the seed planting time was delayed from late May to early July. The accumulation of each isoflavone component varied with changes in the planting time. The isoflavone content of the soybean cultivars for soy-sprout and soy-paste and tofu were higher for plantings in early July than for those in late May and/or mid-June, except for the black soybean cultivars. Despite significant correlations of the isoflavone content of the 28 cultivars among the three planting times, the responses of individual cultivars varied in isoflavone content by planting time. When planting was delayed, the time to flowering and maturity was also delayed and the number of days of growth from planting or flowering to maturity decreased; however, this was not related to isoflavone content. When planting was delayed, the temperature during the ripening period from flowering to maturity was lower, which was inversely related to the isoflavone content. Keywords Soybean · Isoflavone · Aglycone · Glucoside · Malonylglucoside · Acetylglucoside · Planting time · Environment
Introduction Isoflavone, together with coumestan and lignan, has a similar structure and efficacy to the female hormone estrogen; therefore, it is called phytoestrogen and is especially abundant in soybean. Isoflavone in soybeans is a polyphenolic component that acts as an antioxidant in the defense system of the plant against abiotic and biotic external stresses * Hong‑Sik Kim [email protected] 1
Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
Gene Engineering Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
2
(Aliferis et al. 2014; Gutierrez-Gonzalez et al. 2010; Phillips and Kapulnik 1995). The efficacy of bone health that helps in the bioactive functioning of the human body has been proven previously (Lee
