Effect of exposure parameters and gutta-percha cone size on fracture-like artifacts in endodontically treated teeth on c
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effect of exposure parameters and gutta‑percha cone size on fracture‑like artifacts in endodontically treated teeth on cone‑beam computed tomography images Masahiro Iikubo1 · Toyohiro Kagawa2 · Junya Fujisawa1 · Akira Kumasaka1 · Takashi Nishioka1 · Ikuho Kojima1 · Maya Sakamoto1 · Kaoru Kobayashi3 · Kenji Yuasa2 Received: 29 June 2019 / Accepted: 23 September 2019 © Japanese Society for Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019
Abstract Objectives To ascertain the effects of exposure parameters (tube current and tube voltage) and the gutta-percha cone (GPC) size on root fracture-like artifacts obtained with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods Fracture-like artifacts appearing on CBCT images of nine extracted human mandibular premolars filled with GPCs of size #50 or #80 were analyzed using six exposure factors: two tube voltages (80 kV and 110 kV); and three tube currents (4 mA, 7 mA, and 10 mA). On axial images, the gray value (GV) was recorded at three points: the mesiobuccal portion (MBP) as the sound dentin, the mesial portion (MP) as the artifact line, and the water area (WA). The rate of decrease in the GV (RDGV) of the artifact line was calculated using the formula: RDGV (%) = (GV of MBP − GV of MP) × 100/(GV of MBP − GV of WA). Results Comparison of the #80 group and the #50 group with equal tube voltages and tube currents shows that artifact lines in the #80 group were more obvious than those in the #50 group. The artifact lines with 80 kV were markedly more visible than those with 110 kV for each tube current and GPC size. Tube current changes did not affect the artifact line for any tube voltage or GPC size. Conclusions For the reduction of artifacts, we recommend selection of higher tube voltages and lower tube currents when taking CBCT images of teeth with each GPC size. Keywords Artifact · Cone-beam computed tomography · Root canal filling · Tube current · Tube voltage
Introduction Root canal filling materials such as root canal sealers and gutta-percha cones (GPCs) occasionally produce beam hardening artifacts on cone-beam computed tomography * Masahiro Iikubo [email protected] 1
Division of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4‑1 Seiryo‑machi, Aoba‑ku, Sendai 980‑8575, Japan
2
Department of Diagnostic and General Care, Fukuoka Dental College, 2‑15‑1 Tamura, Sawara‑ku, Fukuoka 814‑0193, Japan
3
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Diagnosis, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2‑1‑3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi‑ku, Yokohama 230‑8501, Japan
(CBCT) images. The artifacts can resemble root fracture lines, leading to false-positive findings and misdiagnoses of tooth root fractures [1–3]. Therefore, ascertaining how scanning conditions can reduce artifacts is important for enabling CBCT users to distinguish true fracture lines. We previously examined artifacts that appeared when using various scan settings (e.g., selecting the voxel size and object location) with extracted
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