Effect of football boot upper padding on shooting accuracy and velocity performance
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effect of football boot upper padding on shooting accuracy and velocity performance Katrine Okholm Kryger1 · Séan Mitchell2,3 · Diwei Zhou4 · Steph Forrester2,3
© The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Football boots are marketed with a specific performance feature focus, for example, power boots are marketed for optimal shooting performance. However, little evidence exists on the impact of boot design on shooting performance. This study assessed the effect of upper padding on shooting velocity and accuracy using a test–retest reliable test setup. Nine university level football players performed a protocol of shooting to: (1) maximise velocity; and (2) maximise accuracy in football boots with and without upper padding (Poron Memory foam). The protocol was completed twice; the non-padded boot results were used for test–retest validation, while the non-padded versus padding results were used to investigate the effect of padding. Velocity was assessed through actual ball velocity, percentage of maximum velocity and perceived velocity. Accuracy was assessed through radial offset, vertical offset, horizontal offset, success (goal/no goal), zonal offset and perceived accuracy. No significant differences between boots were observed in the velocity measures for either velocity or accuracy focused shots. Significant differences between boots were observed in vertical offset for both accuracy (without padding mean ± standard deviation − 0.02 ± 1.05 m, with padding 0.28 ± 0.87 m, P = 0.029) and velocity (without padding 0.04 ± 1.33 m, with padding 0.38 ± 0.86 m, P = 0.042) focused shots resulting in more missed shots above the goal for the padded boot (without padding 41–43% missed, with padding 56–72% missed). These findings suggest the addition of upper padding has a negative impact on shooting accuracy while not impacting shooting velocity. Keywords Soccer · Precision · Kicking · Footwear · Shoe · Speed
1 Introduction * Katrine Okholm Kryger [email protected] Séan Mitchell [email protected] Diwei Zhou [email protected] Steph Forrester [email protected] 1
Sport and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
2
School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, 1 Oakwood Dr, Loughborough LE11 3QF, Leicestershire, UK
3
Sports Technology Institute, Loughborough University, 1 Oakwood Dr, Loughborough LE11 3QF, Leicestershire, UK
4
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK
Technological innovations are frequently introduced by sporting goods companies in an increasingly competitive and continually changing global football footwear market as a means to distinguish themselves [1]. Football boots tend to be marketed on one key performance characteristic (e.g., shooting power). Despite the advertised performance benefits, little research has been published on how design parameters impact a player’s performance along with reliable means to assess
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