Effect of Gallium and Vanadium in NiMoV/Al 2 O 3 -Ga 2 O 3 Catalysts on Indole Hydrodenitrogenation
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Effect of Gallium and Vanadium in NiMoV/Al2O3‑Ga2O3 Catalysts on Indole Hydrodenitrogenation Esneyder Puello‑Polo1 · Yelitce P. Reales1 · Edgar Marquez2 · Dunieskys G. Larruded3 · Luis C. Costa Arzuza1,4 · Carlos A. T. Toloza1,5 Received: 5 August 2020 / Accepted: 21 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The effect of Ga as support modifier and V as second promoter on the NiMoV/Al2O3-Ga2O3 catalyst varying the synthesis method (SG: sol–gel synthesis vs I: impregnation synthesis) was studied. The catalysts were characterized by elemental analysis, textural properties, XRD, XPS, 27Al NMR, Raman, EDX elemental mapping and HRTEM. The chemical analyses by XRF showed coincidence between experimental and theoretical values according to stoichiometric values proposed to Mo/Ni = 6 and (V + Ni)/(V + Ni + Mo) = 0.35. The sol–gel synthesis method increased the surface area by incorporation of Ga3+ ions into the Al2O3 forming Ga–O–Al bonding; whereas the impregnation synthesis leads to decrease by blocking of alumina pores, as follows NiMoV/Al2O3-Ga2O3(I)
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