Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Total, Abdominal and Visceral Fat Mass: A Meta-Analysis
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Total, Abdominal and Visceral Fat Mass: A Meta-Analysis Florie Maillard1 • Bruno Pereira2 • Nathalie Boisseau1,3
Ó Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2017
Abstract Background High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is promoted as a time-efficient strategy to improve body composition. Objective The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of HIIT in reducing total, abdominal, and visceral fat mass in normal-weight and overweight/obese adults. Methods Electronic databases were searched to identify all related articles on HIIT and fat mass. Stratified analysis was performed using the nature of HIIT (cycling versus running, target intensity), sex and/or body weight, and the methods of measuring body composition. Heterogeneity was also determined Results A total of 39 studies involving 617 subjects were included (mean age 38.8 years ± 14.4, 52% females). HIIT significantly reduced total (p = 0.003), abdominal (p = 0.007), and visceral (p = 0.018) fat mass, with no differences between the sexes. A comparison showed that running was more effective than cycling in reducing total and visceral fat mass. High-intensity (above 90% peak
& Nathalie Boisseau [email protected] Florie Maillard [email protected]
heart rate) training was more successful in reducing whole body adiposity, while lower intensities had a greater effect on changes in abdominal and visceral fat mass. Our analysis also indicated that only computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging showed significant abdominal and/or visceral fat-mass loss after HIIT interventions. Conclusion HIIT is a time-efficient strategy to decrease fat-mass deposits, including those of abdominal and visceral fat mass. There was some evidence of the greater effectiveness of HIIT running versus cycling, but owing to the wide variety of protocols used and the lack of full details about cycling training, further comparisons need to be made. Large, multicenter, prospective studies are required to establish the best HIIT protocols for reducing fat mass according to subject characteristics.
Key Points High-intensity interval training protocols are effective in decreasing fat-mass deposits, including abdominal and visceral fat mass. Comparison of running and cycling shows that running is potentially more successful in reducing total and visceral adipose tissues.
Bruno Pereira [email protected] 1
Laboratoire des Adaptations Me´taboliques a` l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Universite´ Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
2
Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), University Hospital ClermontFerrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
3
CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
1 Introduction Currently, 2.1 billion individuals, approximately 30% of the world’s population, are overweight or obese [1]. The escalating obesity epidemic in the last decade has been accompanied by an increase in metabolic disorders such
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