Effect of intralaminar hybridization on mode I fracture toughness of natural fiber-reinforced composites
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(2020) 42:451
TECHNICAL PAPER
Effect of intralaminar hybridization on mode I fracture toughness of natural fiber‑reinforced composites A. L. Pereira1,2 · M. D. Banea1 · A. B. Pereira2 Received: 2 May 2020 / Accepted: 24 July 2020 © The Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 2020
Abstract The main objective of this work was to investigate the effect of intralaminar hybridization on the mode I fracture toughness of epoxy composites based on jute and sisal fabrics. Four types of composites were produced by the hand layup technique: sisal (S), sisal + curauá (S + C), jute (J) and jute + curauá (J + C). Double cantilever beam (DCB) tests were performed, and the modified beam theory (MBT) method and three different data criteria (i.e. the deviation from linearity (NL), the 5% offset/maximum load (5%/Max) and visual observation (VIS)) were used to evaluate the mode I fracture toughness (GIc). It was found that the GIc of S + C and J + C composites increased by hybridization of pure sisal and jute fabrics and that the intralaminar hybridization limited the crack propagation. An X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) equipment was used to visualize the delamination and the form of the front of cracks inside the hybrid composites. Keywords Intralaminar hybridization · Mode I fracture toughness · DCB tests · Curauá fiber · Jute fabric · Sisal fabric
1 Introduction Because of the growing concern with the environment, research and applications on sustainable materials are increasing in the academic and industrial areas. In this sense, vegetal fibers are being used as reinforcement in composites due to several factors: they are not expensive, have low density, low environmental impact, are recyclable, stimulate the economy of regions, are ecologically sustainable and able to be supplied in high quantities [1–3]. An added advantage of vegetal fibers is that in some applications, they can be an alternative in replacing synthetic fibers such as glass fiber [4–6]. Some applications of natural fiber-reinforced composites (NFRCs) in industry are construction and furniture, Technical Editor: João Marciano Laredo dos Reis. * A. L. Pereira [email protected] * M. D. Banea [email protected] 1
Federal Center of Technological Education in Rio de Janeiro, CEFET/RJ, Rio de Janeiro 20271‑110, Brazil
Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), University of Aveiro, Campus Santiago, 3810‑193 Aveiro, Portugal
2
music instruments, protective materials (shin guards and helmets) in the sports industry and secondary structures (such as door panels, dash boards, headliners and seat backs) in the automotive industry [2, 7–12]. However, the applications of NFRCs are still limited to nonstructural parts because of a number of disadvantages, such as variation in their mechanical properties, fiber–matrix adhesion (hydrophilic characteristics of the vegetal fibers) and low moisture resistance [13]. There are different methods to improve the mechanical properties of NFRCs, such as surface modification, blending
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