Effect of l -Carnosine as adjunctive therapy in the management of children with autism spectrum disorder: a randomized c
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effect of l‑Carnosine as adjunctive therapy in the management of children with autism spectrum disorder: a randomized controlled study Debi Ann Abraham1 · Udayakumar Narasimhan2 · Senta Christy3 · Rajanandh Muhasaparur Ganesan1 Received: 17 September 2020 / Accepted: 30 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract l-Carnosine is an amino acid that acts as an anti-oxidant, anti-toxic and neuroprotective agent. There is a paucity of data about the effectiveness of l-Carnosine in the management of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children. This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of l-Carnosine as adjunctive therapy in the management of ASD. This was a randomized controlled trial. Children aged 3–6 years with a diagnosis of mild to moderate ASD were assigned to standard care arm (occupational and speech therapy) and intervention care arm (l-Carnosine, 10–15 mg/kg in 2 divided doses) plus standard care treatment. The children were assessed at the baseline and the end of 2 months for the scores of Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition—Standard Version (CARS2-ST), Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC), BEARS sleep screening tool and 6-item Gastrointestinal Severity Index (6-GSI). Of the sixty-seven children enrolled, sixty-three children had completed the study. No statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed for any of the outcome measures assessed. Supplementation of l-Carnosine did not improve the total score of CARS2-ST, ATEC, BEARS sleep screening tool and 6-GSI scores of children with ASD. Further investigations are needed with more objective assessments to critically validate the effectiveness of l-Carnosine on ASD children for more decisive results. Keyword Psychological disorder · Neurological disorder · Attention deficit · Complementary therapy · Alternative medicine · Vulnerable population Abbreviations ASD Autism spectrum disorder DSM-5 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition ADHD Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder GABA Gamma-amino butyric acid Handling editor: K. Aoyama. * Rajanandh Muhasaparur Ganesan [email protected] 1
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 116, India
2
Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
3
Karthikeyan Child Development Unit, Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
CAM Complementary and alternative medicine NMDA N-Methyl-d-aspartate mTOR Mammalian target of rapamycin Akt Protein kinase B p70S6K Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-α CARS-2 ST Childhood autism rating scale, second edition-standard version ATEC Autism treatment evaluation checklist 6
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