Effect of low-dose fast neutrons on the protein components of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of whole-body irradiate
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effect of low-dose fast neutrons on the protein components of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of whole-body irradiated Wistar rats Abdu Saeed 1,2 & Mohammad N. Murshed 3,4 & Eman Abdulqader Al-Shahari 5,6 Received: 29 April 2020 / Accepted: 9 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The immune system is exposed to extremely low doses of neutrons under different circumstances, such as through exposure to cosmic rays, nuclear accidents, and neutron therapy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are the primary immune cells that exhibit selective immune responses. Changes in the functions of the protein components of PBMC can be induced by structural modifications of these proteins themselves. Herein, we have investigated the effect of low-dose fast neutrons on PBMC proteins at 0, 2, 4, and 8 days post-whole body irradiation. 64 Wistar rats were used in this study of which, 32 were exposed to fast neutrons at a total dose of 10 mGy (241Am-Be, 0.2 mGy/h), and the other 32 were used as controls. Blood samples were drawn, and PBMCs were isolated from whole blood. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to estimate the changes in the proteins of PBMCs. An alkaline comet assay was performed to assess DNA damage. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal components analysis (PCA) were utilized to discriminate between irradiated and non-irradiated samples. FTIR and fluorescence spectra of the tested samples revealed alterations in the amides and tryptophan, and therefore protein structure at time intervals of 2 and 4 days post-irradiation. No changes were recorded in samples tested at time intervals of 0 and 8 days post-irradiation. The FTIR band intensities of the PBMC proteins of the irradiated samples decreased slightly and were statistically significant. Curve fitting of the amide I band in the FTIR spectra showed changes in the secondary structure of the proteins. At 2 days post-irradiation, fluorescence spectra of the tested samples revealed decreases in the band tryptophan. The comet assay revealed low levels of DNA damage. In conclusion, low-dose fast neutrons can affect the proteins of PBMC. Keywords Low-dose fast neutrons . Proteins . Peripheral blood mononuclear cells . FTIR spectroscopy . Fluorescence spectroscopy . Comet assay
Responsible Editor: Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
Introduction
* Abdu Saeed [email protected]
Low-dose ionizing radiation has the most significant effects on the immune system (Cui et al. 2017) since immune cells are among the most radiosensitive cells (Manda et al. 2012). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are critical components of the immune system that adapt to foreign pathogens and combat infections (Pourahmad and Salimi 2015). Our bodies are exposed to low doses of environmental ionizing radiation from natural sources such as natural radionuclides in soil (Nair et al. 2019) rocks (Badr et al. 2020; El-Gamal et al. 2018). Food contaminated with radionuclid
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