Effect of Magnetic Field on the Dynamics of Movement of Charged Particles in Cluster Systems
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TICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS
Effect of Magnetic Field on the Dynamics of Movement of Charged Particles in Cluster Systems O. S. Vaulinaa,b,* and E. A. Sametova,b a Joint b Moscow
Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125412 Russia Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow oblast, 141701 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received November 20, 2018; revised December 9, 2018; accepted December 21, 2018
Abstract—The results of numerical and analytical studies of the influence of a constant magnetic field on the dynamics of the thermal motion of charged particles in an isotropic electrostatic trap are presented. Simulations were performed for cluster systems of particles with Coulomb interaction in a wide range of their parameters. The analysis of the spectral density of displacement of particles and mass transfer processes in simulated ensembles is performed. DOI: 10.1134/S1063776119040113
1. INTRODUCTION Thermal (Brownian) motion in systems of interacting particles is widespread in nature [1–6]. The influence of the thermal motion of charged particles on their dynamics in external magnetic and electric fields is of particular interest [7–12]. Analysis of thermal motion of interacting dust particles in extended and bounded ensembles formed in a gas-discharge plasma was performed by many researchers [13–19]. The dynamics of dust particles in a magnetic field was studied experimentally in [20– 23]. The effect of thermal motion of a bounded dust particle cloud (N ≤ 500) on the dynamics in constant electric and magnetic fields has been investigated recently in [11, 12]. There is a considerable increase in the interest in the study of the dynamics of charged particles in external electromagnetic fields, which is mostly related to the problems of the efficiency of power units for controlled thermonuclear fusion [24–26] and the development of plasma methods for processing spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and radioactive waste [27–31]. This paper presents analytical and numerical studies of the spectral density of thermal displacements and mass transfer processes for finite ensembles of charged particles in an electrostatic trap under the influence of a constant magnetic field. Note that in conventional glow discharges (both ac and dc currents) in the absence of a magnetic field, B = 0, in the center of the gas-discharge chambers there is a slight excess of the ion concentration over the electron concentration [32]. This leads to the formation of effective traps for negatively charged particles (for example, for dust particles [5, 6, 33]). In a plasma with a magnetic
field, B ≠ 0, in the center of the gas-discharge chamber, the situation may be the opposite (due to the magnetization of plasma electrons); i.e., conditions may exist for the retention of positively charged particles and/or ions. Thus, for example, the presence of electrostatic traps for positively charged ions in units for the separation of SNF components may occur due to the magnetization
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